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Millner PD, Powers KE, Enkiri NK, et al. Microbially mediated growth suppression and death of salmonella in composted sewage sludge. Microb Ecol. 1987;14(3):255-65doi: 10.1007/BF02012945.
Millner, P. D., Powers, K. E., Enkiri, N. K., & Burge, W. D. (1987). Microbially mediated growth suppression and death of salmonella in composted sewage sludge. Microbial ecology, 14(3), 255-65. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02012945
Millner, P D, et al. "Microbially mediated growth suppression and death of salmonella in composted sewage sludge." Microbial ecology vol. 14,3 (1987): 255-65. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02012945
Millner PD, Powers KE, Enkiri NK, Burge WD. Microbially mediated growth suppression and death of salmonella in composted sewage sludge. Microb Ecol. 1987 Nov;14(3):255-65. doi: 10.1007/BF02012945. PMID: 24202719.
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Microb Ecol. 1987 Nov;14(3):255-65. doi: 10.1007/BF02012945.

Microbially mediated growth suppression and death of salmonella in composted sewage sludge.

Microbial ecology

P D Millner, K E Powers, N K Enkiri, W D Burge

Affiliations

  1. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Soil Microbial Systems Laboratory, USA.

PMID: 24202719 DOI: 10.1007/BF02012945

Abstract

The role of compost microflora in the suppression of salmonella regrowth in composted sewage sludge was investigated. Microbial inhibition studies of salmonella growth were conducted on nutrient agar, in composts that had been subjected to different temperatures in compost piles, and in radiation sterilized composts inoculated with selected fractions of the compost microflora. Agar assays of inhibition indicated that bacteria and actinomycetes were not suppressive to salmonellae, but a few fungi were. However, compost inoculation assays showed consistently that fungi were not suppressive, but bacteria and actinomycetes were. In compost inoculation assays, microbial antagonists, when present, either killed salmonellae or reduced their growth rate. No suppression of salmonellae occurred in compost taken from 70°C compost-pile zones despite the presence and growth of many types of microbes. With greater numbers and kinds of microbes in 55°C compost, salmonella growth was suppressed 100-10,000-fold. Salmonellae died when inoculated into compost from unheated zones (25-40°C) of piles. Prior colonization of compost with only noncoliform gram-negative bacteria suppressed salmonellae growth 3,000-fold. Coliforms when inoculated prior to salmonellae accounted for 75% of salmonella die-off. Mesophilic curing to allow colonization of curing piles in their entirety by gram-negative bacteria, especially coliforms, should be an effective way to prevent repopulation by salmonellae.

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