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Aizawa H, Cui W, Tanaka K, et al. Hyperactivation of the habenula as a link between depression and sleep disturbance. Front Hum Neurosci. 2013;7:826doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2013.00826.
Aizawa, H., Cui, W., Tanaka, K., & Okamoto, H. (2013). Hyperactivation of the habenula as a link between depression and sleep disturbance. Frontiers in human neuroscience, 7826. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2013.00826
Aizawa, Hidenori, et al. "Hyperactivation of the habenula as a link between depression and sleep disturbance." Frontiers in human neuroscience vol. 7 (2013): 826. doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2013.00826
Aizawa H, Cui W, Tanaka K, Okamoto H. Hyperactivation of the habenula as a link between depression and sleep disturbance. Front Hum Neurosci. 2013 Dec 10;7:826. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2013.00826. PMID: 24339810; PMCID: PMC3857532.
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Front Hum Neurosci. 2013 Dec 10;7:826. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2013.00826.

Hyperactivation of the habenula as a link between depression and sleep disturbance.

Frontiers in human neuroscience

Hidenori Aizawa, Wanpeng Cui, Kohichi Tanaka, Hitoshi Okamoto

Affiliations

  1. Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.

PMID: 24339810 PMCID: PMC3857532 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2013.00826

Abstract

Depression occurs frequently with sleep disturbance such as insomnia. Sleep in depression is associated with disinhibition of the rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. Despite the coincidence of the depression and sleep disturbance, neural substrate for depressive behaviors and sleep regulation remains unknown. Habenula is an epithalamic structure regulating the activities of monoaminergic neurons in the brain stem. Since the imaging studies showed blood flow increase in the habenula of depressive patients, hyperactivation of the habenula has been implicated in the pathophysiology of the depression. Recent electrophysiological studies reported a novel role of the habenular structure in regulation of REM sleep. In this article, we propose possible cellular mechanisms which could elicit the hyperactivation of the habenular neurons and a hypothesis that dysfunction in the habenular circuit causes the behavioral and sleep disturbance in depression. Analysis of the animals with hyperactivated habenula would open the door to understand roles of the habenula in the heterogeneous symptoms such as reduced motor behavior and altered REM sleep in depression.

Keywords: depression; glutamate transporters; glutamates; habenula; monoamines; rapid eye movement sleep (REMS)

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