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Fiore SM, Wiltshire TJ, Lobato EJ, et al. Toward understanding social cues and signals in human-robot interaction: effects of robot gaze and proxemic behavior. Front Psychol. 2013;4:859doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00859.
Fiore, S. M., Wiltshire, T. J., Lobato, E. J., Jentsch, F. G., Huang, W. H., & Axelrod, B. (2013). Toward understanding social cues and signals in human-robot interaction: effects of robot gaze and proxemic behavior. Frontiers in psychology, 4859. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00859
Fiore, Stephen M, et al. "Toward understanding social cues and signals in human-robot interaction: effects of robot gaze and proxemic behavior." Frontiers in psychology vol. 4 (2013): 859. doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00859
Fiore SM, Wiltshire TJ, Lobato EJ, Jentsch FG, Huang WH, Axelrod B. Toward understanding social cues and signals in human-robot interaction: effects of robot gaze and proxemic behavior. Front Psychol. 2013 Nov 27;4:859. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00859. eCollection 2013. PMID: 24348434; PMCID: PMC3842160.
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Front Psychol. 2013 Nov 27;4:859. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00859. eCollection 2013.

Toward understanding social cues and signals in human-robot interaction: effects of robot gaze and proxemic behavior.

Frontiers in psychology

Stephen M Fiore, Travis J Wiltshire, Emilio J C Lobato, Florian G Jentsch, Wesley H Huang, Benjamin Axelrod

Affiliations

  1. Department of Philosophy, Cognitive Sciences Laboratory, Institute for Simulation and Training, University of Central Florida Orlando, FL, USA ; Institute for Simulation and Training, University of Central Florida Orlando, FL, USA.
  2. Institute for Simulation and Training, University of Central Florida Orlando, FL, USA.
  3. Institute for Simulation and Training, University of Central Florida Orlando, FL, USA ; Department of Psychology, University of Central Florida Orlando, FL, USA.
  4. iRobot Corporation, Bedford MA, USA.

PMID: 24348434 PMCID: PMC3842160 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00859

Abstract

As robots are increasingly deployed in settings requiring social interaction, research is needed to examine the social signals perceived by humans when robots display certain social cues. In this paper, we report a study designed to examine how humans interpret social cues exhibited by robots. We first provide a brief overview of perspectives from social cognition in humans and how these processes are applicable to human-robot interaction (HRI). We then discuss the need to examine the relationship between social cues and signals as a function of the degree to which a robot is perceived as a socially present agent. We describe an experiment in which social cues were manipulated on an iRobot Ava(TM) mobile robotics platform in a hallway navigation scenario. Cues associated with the robot's proxemic behavior were found to significantly affect participant perceptions of the robot's social presence and emotional state while cues associated with the robot's gaze behavior were not found to be significant. Further, regardless of the proxemic behavior, participants attributed more social presence and emotional states to the robot over repeated interactions than when they first interacted with it. Generally, these results indicate the importance for HRI research to consider how social cues expressed by a robot can differentially affect perceptions of the robot's mental states and intentions. The discussion focuses on implications for the design of robotic systems and future directions for research on the relationship between social cues and signals.

Keywords: emotion attribution; human–robot interaction; intention recognition; social cues; social presence; social signals; theory of mind

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