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Nannapaneni S, Ramar K, Surani S. Effect of obstructive sleep apnea on type 2 diabetes mellitus: A comprehensive literature review. World J Diabetes. 2013;4(6):238-44doi: 10.4239/wjd.v4.i6.238.
Nannapaneni, S., Ramar, K., & Surani, S. (2013). Effect of obstructive sleep apnea on type 2 diabetes mellitus: A comprehensive literature review. World journal of diabetes, 4(6), 238-44. https://doi.org/10.4239/wjd.v4.i6.238
Nannapaneni, Srikant, et al. "Effect of obstructive sleep apnea on type 2 diabetes mellitus: A comprehensive literature review." World journal of diabetes vol. 4,6 (2013): 238-44. doi: https://doi.org/10.4239/wjd.v4.i6.238
Nannapaneni S, Ramar K, Surani S. Effect of obstructive sleep apnea on type 2 diabetes mellitus: A comprehensive literature review. World J Diabetes. 2013 Dec 15;4(6):238-44. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v4.i6.238. PMID: 24379913; PMCID: PMC3874482.
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World J Diabetes. 2013 Dec 15;4(6):238-44. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v4.i6.238.

Effect of obstructive sleep apnea on type 2 diabetes mellitus: A comprehensive literature review.

World journal of diabetes

Srikant Nannapaneni, Kannan Ramar, Salim Surani

Affiliations

  1. Srikant Nannapaneni, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, United States.

PMID: 24379913 PMCID: PMC3874482 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v4.i6.238

Abstract

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is frequently associated with obesity and metabolic syndrome. Also frequently associated with metabolic syndrome is type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Therefore, it is common to find OSA and T2DM together in individuals with metabolic syndrome. Additionally, both OSA and T2DM have a common pathophysiological link with development of insulin resistance. Individuals with severe insulin resistance are likely to have inadequate glycemic control. Long standing poorly controlled T2DM is associated with debilitating microvascular complications such as retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy and macrovascular complications such as coronary artery and cerebrovascular disease. There is extensively published literature exploring the cause-effect relationship between OSA and T2DM. In this article we provide an in-depth review of the complex pathophysiological mechanisms linking OSA to T2DM. Specifically, this review focusses on the effect of OSA on the microvascular complications of T2DM such as retinopathy, nephropathy and neuropathy. Additionally, we review the current literature on the effect of continuous positive airway pressure use in individuals with T2DM and OSA.

Keywords: Diabetes; Diabetic complications; Obstructive sleep apnea; Obstructive sleep apnea and diabetic complications; Sleep apnea and diabetes; Sleep related breathing disorder

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