Display options
Cite
Essa Abdullah F, Irfan Khan M, Waheed S. Current pattern of antibiotic resistance of clinical isolates among conjunctival swabs. Pak J Med Sci. 2013;29(1):81-4doi: 10.12669/pjms.291.2566.
Essa Abdullah, F., Irfan Khan, M., & Waheed, S. (2013). Current pattern of antibiotic resistance of clinical isolates among conjunctival swabs. Pakistan journal of medical sciences, 29(1), 81-4. https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.291.2566
Essa Abdullah, Farhan, et al. "Current pattern of antibiotic resistance of clinical isolates among conjunctival swabs." Pakistan journal of medical sciences vol. 29,1 (2013): 81-4. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.291.2566
Essa Abdullah F, Irfan Khan M, Waheed S. Current pattern of antibiotic resistance of clinical isolates among conjunctival swabs. Pak J Med Sci. 2013 Jan;29(1):81-4. doi: 10.12669/pjms.291.2566. PMID: 24353513; PMCID: PMC3809201.
Copy Download .nbib Format: NLM
Share it on

Pak J Med Sci. 2013 Jan;29(1):81-4. doi: 10.12669/pjms.291.2566.

Current pattern of antibiotic resistance of clinical isolates among conjunctival swabs.

Pakistan journal of medical sciences

Farhan Essa Abdullah, Mariya Irfan Khan, Sadia Waheed

Affiliations

  1. Farhan Essa Abdullah, MBBS, MPhil, PhD (Microbiology), Assistant Professor of Microbiology and Immunology, Dr. Essa's Laboratory & Diagnostic Center, Karachi.
  2. Mariya Irfan Khan, Final Year MBBS, Sindh Medical College, Karachi, Pakistan.
  3. Sadia Waheed, Final Year MBBS, Sindh Medical College, Karachi, Pakistan.

PMID: 24353513 PMCID: PMC3809201 DOI: 10.12669/pjms.291.2566

Abstract

OBJECTIVES: To identify the etiological agent in bacterial conjunctivitis and to determine the antibiogram of bacterial isolates.

METHODOLOGY: This observational study was conducted at Dr. Essa's Laboratory over a period of 12 months ending in March 2012. Two hundred samples taken from conjunctiva of patients with conjunctivitis were cultured on routine medium and the antibiograms of bacterial isolates were determined by Kirby- Bauer disc diffusion method.

RESULTS: The analysis of the culture showed that 41% were cultured positive with gram positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus 52.5% and Staphylococcus epidermidis 30.1% and Micrococci 8.3%. However, 9.1% were gram negatives with Klebsiella pneumoniae 5.14% and Pseudomonas aeruginosa 2.6% and 1.36% were others (Acinetobacter, Haemophilus , E.coli and Moraxella) keeping in view the increasing use of contact lens and unclean fingers. The overall antibiograms of bacterial isolates indicate aminoglycosides (gentamicin, tobramicin) and the newer quinolones as apparent drug of choice for empirical therapy, followed by chloramphenicol, since drug fussy gram-negatives such as Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter and E.coli were among the conjunctival isolates. Resistance profile of gram positive isolates shows cefixime 91.4%, doxycycline 57.9%, cotrimoxazole 29.3%, ampicillin 22.9%, ciprofloxacin 13.4%, cephradine 8.3%, cefuroxime 7.1%, fosfomycin 4.7%, ceftriaxone 3.6%, co-amoxiclav 3.6%, cefotaxime 3.5%, vancomycin 2.6%.

CONCLUSION: Resistance to all conventionally used antibiotics is increasing, therefore identification of etiological agent and antibiogram is important to treat conjunctivitis and to avoid complications.

Keywords: Conjunctival swab; empirical therapy; gram positive bacteria

References

  1. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2011 Jan;249(1):111-9 - PubMed
  2. Ophthalmology. 2008 Jan;115(1):51-6 - PubMed
  3. Nutr Rev. 1998 Jan;56(1 Pt 2):S113-25 - PubMed
  4. N Z Med J. 2011 Jan 21;124(1328):64-71 - PubMed
  5. Clin Pharm. 1983 Sep-Oct;2(5):417-24 - PubMed
  6. Indian J Pathol Microbiol. 2005 Oct;48(4):538-41 - PubMed
  7. J Pak Med Assoc. 2002 Jul;52(7):312-5 - PubMed
  8. BMC Infect Dis. 2009 Jun 04;9:83 - PubMed
  9. Ophthalmic Res. 2001 Mar-Apr;33(2):117-20 - PubMed
  10. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2006 Apr 19;(2):CD001211 - PubMed
  11. Cleve Clin J Med. 2008 Jul;75(7):507-12 - PubMed
  12. Am Fam Physician. 1998 Feb 15;57(4):735-46 - PubMed
  13. Cornea. 1995 Jul;14(4):382-7 - PubMed
  14. Clin Ophthalmol. 2009;3:507-21 - PubMed

Publication Types