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Yakushev A, Gates JM, Türler A, et al. Superheavy element flerovium (element 114) is a volatile metal. Inorg Chem. 2014;53(3):1624-9doi: 10.1021/ic4026766.
Yakushev, A., Gates, J. M., Türler, A., Schädel, M., Düllmann, C. E., Ackermann, D., Andersson, L. L., Block, M., Brüchle, W., Dvorak, J., Eberhardt, K., Essel, H. G., Even, J., Forsberg, U., Gorshkov, A., Graeger, R., Gregorich, K. E., Hartmann, W., Herzberg, R. D., Hessberger, F. P., Hild, D., Hübner, A., Jäger, E., Khuyagbaatar, J., Kindler, B., Kratz, J. V., Krier, J., Kurz, N., Lommel, B., Niewisch, L. J., Nitsche, H., Omtvedt, J. P., Parr, E., Qin, Z., Rudolph, D., Runke, J., Schausten, B., Schimpf, E., Semchenkov, A., Steiner, J., Thörle-Pospiech, P., Uusitalo, J., Wegrzecki, M., & Wiehl, N. (2014). Superheavy element flerovium (element 114) is a volatile metal. Inorganic chemistry, 53(3), 1624-9. https://doi.org/10.1021/ic4026766
Yakushev, Alexander, et al. "Superheavy element flerovium (element 114) is a volatile metal." Inorganic chemistry vol. 53,3 (2014): 1624-9. doi: https://doi.org/10.1021/ic4026766
Yakushev A, Gates JM, Türler A, Schädel M, Düllmann CE, Ackermann D, Andersson LL, Block M, Brüchle W, Dvorak J, Eberhardt K, Essel HG, Even J, Forsberg U, Gorshkov A, Graeger R, Gregorich KE, Hartmann W, Herzberg RD, Hessberger FP, Hild D, Hübner A, Jäger E, Khuyagbaatar J, Kindler B, Kratz JV, Krier J, Kurz N, Lommel B, Niewisch LJ, Nitsche H, Omtvedt JP, Parr E, Qin Z, Rudolph D, Runke J, Schausten B, Schimpf E, Semchenkov A, Steiner J, Thörle-Pospiech P, Uusitalo J, Wegrzecki M, Wiehl N. Superheavy element flerovium (element 114) is a volatile metal. Inorg Chem. 2014 Feb 03;53(3):1624-9. doi: 10.1021/ic4026766. Epub 2014 Jan 23. PMID: 24456007.
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Inorg Chem. 2014 Feb 03;53(3):1624-9. doi: 10.1021/ic4026766. Epub 2014 Jan 23.

Superheavy element flerovium (element 114) is a volatile metal.

Inorganic chemistry

Alexander Yakushev, Jacklyn M Gates, Andreas Türler, Matthias Schädel, Christoph E Düllmann, Dieter Ackermann, Lise-Lotte Andersson, Michael Block, Willy Brüchle, Jan Dvorak, Klaus Eberhardt, Hans G Essel, Julia Even, Ulrika Forsberg, Alexander Gorshkov, Reimar Graeger, Kenneth E Gregorich, Willi Hartmann, Rolf-Dietmar Herzberg, Fritz P Hessberger, Daniel Hild, Annett Hübner, Egon Jäger, Jadambaa Khuyagbaatar, Birgit Kindler, Jens V Kratz, Jörg Krier, Nikolaus Kurz, Bettina Lommel, Lorenz J Niewisch, Heino Nitsche, Jon Petter Omtvedt, Edward Parr, Zhi Qin, Dirk Rudolph, Jörg Runke, Brigitta Schausten, Erwin Schimpf, Andrey Semchenkov, Jutta Steiner, Petra Thörle-Pospiech, Juha Uusitalo, Maciej Wegrzecki, Norbert Wiehl

Affiliations

  1. Institut für Radiochemie, TU Munich , 85748 Garching, Germany.

PMID: 24456007 DOI: 10.1021/ic4026766

Abstract

The electron shell structure of superheavy elements, i.e., elements with atomic number Z ≥ 104, is influenced by strong relativistic effects caused by the high Z. Early atomic calculations on element 112 (copernicium, Cn) and element 114 (flerovium, Fl) having closed and quasi-closed electron shell configurations of 6d(10)7s(2) and 6d(10)7s(2)7p1/2(2), respectively, predicted them to be noble-gas-like due to very strong relativistic effects on the 7s and 7p1/2 valence orbitals. Recent fully relativistic calculations studying Cn and Fl in different environments suggest them to be less reactive compared to their lighter homologues in the groups, but still exhibiting a metallic character. Experimental gas-solid chromatography studies on Cn have, indeed, revealed a metal-metal bond formation with Au. In contrast to this, for Fl, the formation of a weak bond upon physisorption on a Au surface was inferred from first experiments. Here, we report on a gas-solid chromatography study of the adsorption of Fl on a Au surface. Fl was produced in the nuclear fusion reaction (244)Pu((48)Ca, 3-4n)(288,289)Fl and was isolated in-flight from the primary (48)Ca beam in a physical recoil separator. The adsorption behavior of Fl, its nuclear α-decay product Cn, their lighter homologues in groups 14 and 12, i.e., Pb and Hg, and the noble gas Rn were studied simultaneously by isothermal gas chromatography and thermochromatography. Two Fl atoms were detected. They adsorbed on a Au surface at room temperature in the first, isothermal part, but not as readily as Pb and Hg. The observed adsorption behavior of Fl points to a higher inertness compared to its nearest homologue in the group, Pb. However, the measured lower limit for the adsorption enthalpy of Fl on a Au surface points to the formation of a metal-metal bond of Fl with Au. Fl is the least reactive element in the group, but still a metal.

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