Front Integr Neurosci. 2014 Feb 11;8:13. doi: 10.3389/fnint.2014.00013. eCollection 2014.

Habituation, sensitization, and Pavlovian conditioning.

Frontiers in integrative neuroscience

Münire Özlem Cevik

PMID: 24574983 PMCID: PMC3920081 DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2014.00013

Abstract

In this brief review, I argue that the impact of a stimulus on behavioral control increase as the distance of the stimulus to the body decreases. Habituation, i.e., decrement in response intensity repetition of the triggering stimulus, is the default state for sensory processing, and the likelihood of habituation is higher for distal stimuli. Sensitization, i.e., increment in response intensity upon stimulus repetition, occurs in a state dependent manner for proximal stimuli that make direct contact with the body. In Pavlovian conditioning paradigms, the unconditioned stimulus (US) is always a more proximal stimulus than the conditioned stimulus (CS). The mechanisms of associative and non-associative learning are not independent. CS-US pairings lead to formation of associations if sensitizing modulation from a proximal US prevents the habituation for a distal anticipatory CS.

Keywords: Drosophila melanogaster; dopamine; habituation; mushroom bodies; olfactory conditioning; proboscis extension response

References

1. Psychol Rev. 1980 Nov;87(6):532-52 - PubMed
2. Science. 2007 Jun 29;316(5833):1901-4 - PubMed
3. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007 Aug 28;104(35):14146-50 - PubMed
4. Nature. 2012 Dec 20;492(7429):433-7 - PubMed
5. Neuron. 2005 Feb 3;45(3):459-67 - PubMed
6. PLoS One. 2012;7(6):e39863 - PubMed
7. Front Neurosci. 2012 Jul 06;6:101 - PubMed
8. Cell. 2012 Feb 3;148(3):583-95 - PubMed
9. Nature. 2013 Aug 29;500(7464):575-9 - PubMed
10. Neuron. 2007 Nov 8;56(3):503-16 - PubMed
11. J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process. 2011 Oct;37(4):495-500 - PubMed
12. Learn Mem. 2013 Aug 16;20(9):474-81 - PubMed
13. Curr Top Behav Neurosci. 2011;6:37-57 - PubMed
14. Annu Rev Neurosci. 1988;11:329-52 - PubMed
15. Curr Biol. 2011 May 24;21(10):855-61 - PubMed
16. Cell. 2013 Nov 7;155(4):881-93 - PubMed
17. J Comp Physiol Psychol. 1982 Jun;96(3):452-9 - PubMed
18. J Neurosci. 2013 May 15;33(20):8784-93 - PubMed
19. J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol. 2006 Dec;192(12):1335-48 - PubMed
20. Neuron. 2007 Jan 4;53(1):103-15 - PubMed
21. Mol Psychiatry. 2001 Jan;6(1):13-34 - PubMed
22. Nature. 1999 Aug 19;400(6746):753-6 - PubMed
23. Front Syst Neurosci. 2011 Nov 29;5:99 - PubMed
24. Behav Neural Biol. 1993 Nov;60(3):189-91 - PubMed
25. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1983 Dec;80(23):7347-51 - PubMed
26. Cell. 2009 Oct 16;139(2):416-27 - PubMed
27. Neuron. 2012 Mar 8;73(5):941-50 - PubMed
28. J Comp Physiol A. 1985 Sep;157(2):263-77 - PubMed
29. Learn Mem. 2007 May 10;14(5):376-84 - PubMed
30. Annu Rev Psychol. 2013;64:169-200 - PubMed
31. Behav Neurosci. 1992 Apr;106(2):286-93 - PubMed
32. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2013 May 7;110(19):7898-903 - PubMed
33. Cell Rep. 2013 Nov 14;5(3):769-80 - PubMed
34. Curr Biol. 2011 May 10;21(9):751-5 - PubMed
35. Microsc Res Tech. 2003 Oct 1;62(2):151-69 - PubMed
36. Front Neural Circuits. 2009 Jul 01;3:5 - PubMed
37. Front Cell Neurosci. 2013 Sep 24;7:165 - PubMed
38. Neurobiol Learn Mem. 2009 Sep;92(2):147-54 - PubMed
39. Science. 2012 Feb 10;335(6069):678-85 - PubMed
40. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2007 May;8(5):341-54 - PubMed
41. J Physiol. 1973 Jul;232(2):331-56 - PubMed
42. J Comp Neurol. 1998 Dec 28;402(4):520-37 - PubMed
43. Psychon Bull Rev. 1994 Dec;1(4):405-20 - PubMed
44. Pain Med. 2009 Jul;10 Suppl 2:S53-66 - PubMed
45. Science. 2007 Mar 16;315(5818):1590-3 - PubMed
46. Curr Biol. 2005 Apr 12;15(7):603-15 - PubMed
47. Nature. 2012 Aug 23;488(7412):512-6 - PubMed
48. PLoS Genet. 2012;8(7):e1002768 - PubMed

Publication Types

• Journal Article