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Moan J, Grigalavicius M, Baturaite Z, et al. North-South gradients of melanomas and non-melanomas: A role of vitamin D?. Dermatoendocrinol. 2013;5(1):186-91doi: 10.4161/derm.23791.
Moan, J., Grigalavicius, M., Baturaite, Z., Juzeniene, A., & Dahlback, A. (2013). North-South gradients of melanomas and non-melanomas: A role of vitamin D?. Dermato-endocrinology, 5(1), 186-91. https://doi.org/10.4161/derm.23791
Moan, Johan, et al. "North-South gradients of melanomas and non-melanomas: A role of vitamin D?." Dermato-endocrinology vol. 5,1 (2013): 186-91. doi: https://doi.org/10.4161/derm.23791
Moan J, Grigalavicius M, Baturaite Z, Juzeniene A, Dahlback A. North-South gradients of melanomas and non-melanomas: A role of vitamin D?. Dermatoendocrinol. 2013 Jan 01;5(1):186-91. doi: 10.4161/derm.23791. PMID: 24494053; PMCID: PMC3897588.
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Dermatoendocrinol. 2013 Jan 01;5(1):186-91. doi: 10.4161/derm.23791.

North-South gradients of melanomas and non-melanomas: A role of vitamin D?.

Dermato-endocrinology

Johan Moan, Mantas Grigalavicius, Zivile Baturaite, Asta Juzeniene, Arne Dahlback

Affiliations

  1. Department of Radiation Biology; Institute for Cancer Research; Oslo, Norway ; Department of Physics; University of Oslo; Oslo, Norway.
  2. Department of Radiation Biology; Institute for Cancer Research; Oslo, Norway.
  3. Department of Physics; University of Oslo; Oslo, Norway.

PMID: 24494053 PMCID: PMC3897588 DOI: 10.4161/derm.23791

Abstract

Incidence rates of skin cancer increase with decreasing latitude in Norway, as in many other countries with white populations. The latitudinal trends of the incidence rates of skin cancer were studied and compared with data for vitamin D-induced by UV and for vitamin D intake. The north-south gradient for CMM incidence rates on sun exposed skin is much smaller than those for BCC and SCC, and that for BCC is smaller than that for SCC. This indicates that SCC and BCC are mainly due to solar UVB, while UVA may play a significant role for CMM and a smaller role for BCC, since the north-south gradient of annual UVB fluences is larger than that of UVA fluences. However, there is an inverse latitudinal gradient of skin cancer in central Europe. This is probably due to a gradient of skin color, since white skin is an important determinant of increased risk of skin cancer. The role of vitamin D for skin cancer risk is difficult to evaluate, since serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D, as well as vitamin D intakes, are widely different from country to country. Still, epidemiological evidence indicates a role: for melanomas arising on non-sun exposed body localizations (uveal melanomas, melanomas arising in the vulva and perianal/anorectal regions) there appears to be no latitudinal gradient, or, a negative gradient, i.e., increasing rates with decreasing latitude as would be expected if UV-generated vitamin D plays a protective role. Both skin cancer risk and vitamin D photosynthesis decrease with increasing skin darkness.

Keywords: basal cell carcinoma; cutaneous malignant melanoma; incidence rates; latitude; skin cancer; squamous cell carcinoma; ultraviolet radiation; vitamin D

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