Display options
Share it on

BMC Nurs. 2014 Feb 24;13(1):5. doi: 10.1186/1472-6955-13-5.

Pain-related psychological cognitions and behaviours associated with sick leave due to neck pain: findings from the Nurses and Midwives e-Cohort Study.

BMC nursing

Philip J Schluter, Anna P Dawson, Catherine Turner

Affiliations

  1. School of Health Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, CHCH 8140, New Zealand.
  2. School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
  3. Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia.

PMID: 24559152 PMCID: PMC3939627 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6955-13-5

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Sick leave due to neck pain (NP-SL) is costly and negatively impacts the productivity of the nursing and midwifery workforce. Identification of modifiable risk indicators is necessary to inform preventive efforts. This study aimed to investigate the role of pain-related psychological features (pain catastrophizing, fear of movement, and pain coping) in NP-SL alongside other potential risk indicators.

METHODS: A cross-sectional analysis of a large cohort study of Australian and New Zealand nurses and midwives, established between 1st April 2006 to 30th March 2008, was undertaken. Recruitment procedures adopted within each Nursing Council jurisdiction were governed by the individual regulatory authorities and their willingness to engage with the study. Invitations directed potential participants to a purpose-built internet-based survey, where study information was provided and consent requested. Once consent was obtained, a range of standardized tools combined into one comprehensive electronic questionnaire was elicited. Exposure variables assessed included pain characteristics and a broad range of psychological, psychosocial, occupational, general health and demographic factors. Two-way interactions between age and gender and candidate exposures were also assessed. Binary logistic regression was performed using manual backward stepwise elimination of non-significant terms.

RESULTS: The cohort included 4,903 currently working nurses or midwives aged 18-65 years. Of these, 2,481 (50.6%) reported neck pain in the preceding 12 months. Our sample comprised of 1,854 working nurses and midwives with neck pain in the preceding year who supplied sick leave data. Of these, 343 (18.5%) reported taking sick leave in the preceding year due to their neck pain. The final most parsimonious multivariable model demonstrated neck pain severity (adjusted odds ratio, [aOR] = 1.59), passive pain coping (aOR = 1.08) and fear of movement (aOR = 1.06) increased the likelihood of NP-SL in the previous year. Interactions between demographic and general health factors exhibited both protective and risk relationships with NP-SL, and there was no association between pain catastrophizing and NP-SL.

CONCLUSIONS: Findings demonstrate that sick leave due to neck pain was associated with pain severity, fear of movement and passive pain coping. In addition, there were complex interactions found between demographic and general health factors. These features represent potentially modifiable targets for preventive programs.

References

  1. Pain. 2000 Apr;85(3):317-332 - PubMed
  2. Health Psychol. 1995 Jan;14(1):64-73 - PubMed
  3. Psychol Bull. 1979 Mar;86(2):420-8 - PubMed
  4. Pain. 2001 Feb 1;90(1-2):83-90 - PubMed
  5. Health Psychol. 2000 Jul;19(4):333-8 - PubMed
  6. J Behav Med. 2000 Aug;23(4):351-65 - PubMed
  7. Pain. 1992 Aug;50(2):133-149 - PubMed
  8. Eur Spine J. 2007 May;16(5):631-8 - PubMed
  9. Int J Epidemiol. 2009 Feb;38(1):53-60 - PubMed
  10. J Occup Health Psychol. 1998 Oct;3(4):322-55 - PubMed
  11. Int Nurs Rev. 2011 Mar;58(1):28-36 - PubMed
  12. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2009 Feb;32(2 Suppl):S46-60 - PubMed
  13. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2011 Apr 13;(4):CD008160 - PubMed
  14. J Adv Nurs. 2009 Jun;65(6):1309-17 - PubMed
  15. Scand J Work Environ Health. 2001 Feb;27(1):49-56 - PubMed
  16. Proc R Soc Med. 1965 May;58:295-300 - PubMed
  17. Eur J Pain. 2010 Sep;14(8):870.e1-9 - PubMed
  18. Appl Ergon. 1987 Sep;18(3):233-7 - PubMed
  19. J Behav Med. 2007 Feb;30(1):77-94 - PubMed
  20. J Clin Epidemiol. 1996 Aug;49(8):907-16 - PubMed
  21. Pain. 2005 Jan;113(1-2):71-81 - PubMed
  22. J Occup Rehabil. 2007 Sep;17(3):370-82 - PubMed
  23. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2009 Feb 15;34(4):413-8 - PubMed
  24. Clin J Pain. 2003 Mar-Apr;19(2):97-104 - PubMed
  25. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2004 Nov 08;5(1):38 - PubMed
  26. Pain. 2011 Jul;152(7):1517-1524 - PubMed
  27. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2008 Feb 15;33(4 Suppl):S60-74 - PubMed
  28. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2000 Nov 1;25(21):2825-31; discussion 2824 - PubMed
  29. Eur Spine J. 2006 Jun;15(6):834-48 - PubMed
  30. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2009 Feb;32(2 Suppl):S108-16 - PubMed
  31. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2005 Jul 1;30(13):1550-6 - PubMed
  32. Pain. 2005 Sep;117(1-2):51-7 - PubMed
  33. Int J Occup Environ Health. 2006 Apr-Jun;12(2):111-9 - PubMed
  34. Occup Environ Med. 2007 Apr;64(4):279-87 - PubMed
  35. Man Ther. 2010 Oct;15(5):476-81 - PubMed
  36. Pain. 1987 Oct;31(1):53-64 - PubMed
  37. Pain. 1999 Apr;80(3):629-636 - PubMed
  38. Soc Sci Med. 2004 Apr;58(8):1483-99 - PubMed
  39. Pain. 2003 Mar;102(1-2):167-78 - PubMed
  40. Aust N Z J Public Health. 2009 Oct;33(5):437-41 - PubMed
  41. Am J Prev Med. 1994 Mar-Apr;10(2):77-84 - PubMed
  42. Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 2007 Aug;80(8):733-41 - PubMed
  43. Scand J Work Environ Health. 2002 Aug;28(4):222-31 - PubMed
  44. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2000 May 1;25(9):1148-56 - PubMed
  45. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2005 Feb;87(2):374-80 - PubMed
  46. Occup Environ Med. 2006 Mar;63(3):198-201 - PubMed

Publication Types