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Acta Naturae. 2014 Jan;6(1):61-8.

Fusion to the Lysosome Targeting Signal of the Invariant Chain Alters the Processing and Enhances the Immunogenicity of HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase.

Acta naturae

E S Starodubova, M G Isaguliants, Y V Kuzmenko, A A Latanova, O A Krotova, V L Karpov

Affiliations

  1. Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology Russian Academy of Sciences, Vaviolva str., 32, 119991, Moscow, Russia ; D.I. Ivanovsky Institute of Virology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098, Moscow, Russia.
  2. D.I. Ivanovsky Institute of Virology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098, Moscow, Russia ; Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden.
  3. Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology Russian Academy of Sciences, Vaviolva str., 32, 119991, Moscow, Russia.

PMID: 24772328 PMCID: PMC3999467

Abstract

Intracellular processing of the antigen encoded by a DNA vaccine is one of the key steps in generating an immune response. Immunization with DNA constructs targeted to the endosomal-lysosomal compartments and to the MHC class II pathway can elicit a strong immune response. Herein, the weakly immunogenic reverse transcriptase of HIV-1 was fused to the minimal lysosomal targeting motif of the human MHC class II invariant chain. The motif fused to the N-terminus shifted the enzyme intracellular localization and accelerated its degradation. Degradation of the chimeric protein occurred predominantly in the lysosomal compartment. BALB/c mice immunized with the plasmid encoding the chimeric protein demonstrated an enhanced immune response, in the form of an increased antigen-specific production of Th1 cytokines, INF-γ and IL-2, by mouse splenocytes. Moreover, the majority of the splenocytes secreted both cytokines; i.e., were polyfunctional. These findings suggest that retargeting of the antigen to the lysosomes enhances the immune response to DNA vaccine candidates with low intrinsic immunogenicity.

Keywords: DNA immunization; T-helper immune response; antigen processing; invariant chain; reverse transcriptase

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