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Bovolin P, Cottone E, Pomatto V, et al. Endocannabinoids are Involved in Male Vertebrate Reproduction: Regulatory Mechanisms at Central and Gonadal Level. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2014;5:54doi: 10.3389/fendo.2014.00054.
Bovolin, P., Cottone, E., Pomatto, V., Fasano, S., Pierantoni, R., Cobellis, G., & Meccariello, R. (2014). Endocannabinoids are Involved in Male Vertebrate Reproduction: Regulatory Mechanisms at Central and Gonadal Level. Frontiers in endocrinology, 554. https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2014.00054
Bovolin, Patrizia, et al. "Endocannabinoids are Involved in Male Vertebrate Reproduction: Regulatory Mechanisms at Central and Gonadal Level." Frontiers in endocrinology vol. 5 (2014): 54. doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2014.00054
Bovolin P, Cottone E, Pomatto V, Fasano S, Pierantoni R, Cobellis G, Meccariello R. Endocannabinoids are Involved in Male Vertebrate Reproduction: Regulatory Mechanisms at Central and Gonadal Level. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2014 Apr 15;5:54. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2014.00054. eCollection 2014. PMID: 24782832; PMCID: PMC3995072.
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Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2014 Apr 15;5:54. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2014.00054. eCollection 2014.

Endocannabinoids are Involved in Male Vertebrate Reproduction: Regulatory Mechanisms at Central and Gonadal Level.

Frontiers in endocrinology

Patrizia Bovolin, Erika Cottone, Valentina Pomatto, Silvia Fasano, Riccardo Pierantoni, Gilda Cobellis, Rosaria Meccariello

Affiliations

  1. Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin , Turin , Italy ; Neuroscience Institute of Turin, University of Turin , Turin , Italy.
  2. Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin , Turin , Italy.
  3. Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Seconda Università di Napoli , Naples , Italy.
  4. Dipartimento di Scienze Motorie e del Benessere, Università di Napoli Parthenope , Naples , Italy.

PMID: 24782832 PMCID: PMC3995072 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2014.00054

Abstract

Endocannabinoids (eCBs) are natural lipids regulating a large array of physiological functions and behaviors in vertebrates. The eCB system is highly conserved in evolution and comprises several specific receptors (type-1 and type-2 cannabinoid receptors), their endogenous ligands (e.g., anandamide and 2-arachidonoylglycerol), and a number of biosynthetic and degradative enzymes. In the last few years, eCBs have been described as critical signals in the control of male and female reproduction at multiple levels: centrally, by targeting hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing-hormone-secreting neurons and pituitary, and locally, with direct effects on the gonads. These functions are supported by the extensive localization of cannabinoid receptors and eCB metabolic enzymes at different levels of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis in mammals, as well as bonyfish and amphibians. In vivo and in vitro studies indicate that eCBs centrally regulate gonadal functions by modulating the gonadotropin-releasing hormone-gonadotropin-steroid network through direct and indirect mechanisms. Several proofs of local eCB regulation have been found in the testis and male genital tracts, since eCBs control Sertoli and Leydig cells activity, germ cell progression, as well as the acquisition of sperm functions. A comparative approach usually is a key step in the study of physiological events leading to the building of a general model. Thus, in this review, we summarize the action of eCBs at different levels of the male reproductive axis, with special emphasis, where appropriate, on data from non-mammalian vertebrates.

Keywords: GnRH; chromatin remodeling; hypothalamus; male fertility; pituitary; spermatogenesis

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