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Viswanathan S. Urine bag as a modern day matula. ISRN Nephrol. 2013;2013:215690doi: 10.5402/2013/215690.
Viswanathan, S. (2013). Urine bag as a modern day matula. ISRN nephrology, 2013215690. https://doi.org/10.5402/2013/215690
Viswanathan, Stalin. "Urine bag as a modern day matula." ISRN nephrology vol. 2013 (2013): 215690. doi: https://doi.org/10.5402/2013/215690
Viswanathan S. Urine bag as a modern day matula. ISRN Nephrol. 2013 May 23;2013:215690. doi: 10.5402/2013/215690. eCollection 2013. PMID: 24959539; PMCID: PMC4045424.
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ISRN Nephrol. 2013 May 23;2013:215690. doi: 10.5402/2013/215690. eCollection 2013.

Urine bag as a modern day matula.

ISRN nephrology

Stalin Viswanathan

Affiliations

  1. Department of General Medicine, Indira Gandhi Medical College, Kathirkamam, Pondicherry 605009, India.

PMID: 24959539 PMCID: PMC4045424 DOI: 10.5402/2013/215690

Abstract

Since time immemorial uroscopic analysis has been a staple of diagnostic medicine. It received prominence during the middle ages with the introduction of the matula. Urinary discoloration is generally due to changes in urochrome concentration associated with the presence of other endogenous or exogenous pigments. Observation of urine colors has received less attention due to the advances made in urinalysis. A gamut of urine colors can be seen in urine bags of hospitalized patients that may give clue to presence of infections, medications, poisons, and hemolysis. Although worrisome to the patient, urine discoloration is mostly benign and resolves with removal of the offending agent. Twelve urine bags with discolored urine (and their predisposing causes) have been shown as examples. Urine colors (blue-green, yellow, orange, pink, red, brown, black, white, and purple) and their etiologies have been reviewed following a literature search in these databases: Pubmed, EBSCO, Science Direct, Proquest, Google Scholar, Springer, and Ovid.

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