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van den Berg B, Walgaard C, Drenthen J, et al. Guillain-Barré syndrome: pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis. Nat Rev Neurol. 2014;10(8):469-82doi: 10.1038/nrneurol.2014.121.
van den Berg, B., Walgaard, C., Drenthen, J., Fokke, C., Jacobs, B. C., & van Doorn, P. A. (2014). Guillain-Barré syndrome: pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis. Nature reviews. Neurology, 10(8), 469-82. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrneurol.2014.121
van den Berg, Bianca, et al. "Guillain-Barré syndrome: pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis." Nature reviews. Neurology vol. 10,8 (2014): 469-82. doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/nrneurol.2014.121
van den Berg B, Walgaard C, Drenthen J, Fokke C, Jacobs BC, van Doorn PA. Guillain-Barré syndrome: pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis. Nat Rev Neurol. 2014 Aug;10(8):469-82. doi: 10.1038/nrneurol.2014.121. Epub 2014 Jul 15. PMID: 25023340.
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Nat Rev Neurol. 2014 Aug;10(8):469-82. doi: 10.1038/nrneurol.2014.121. Epub 2014 Jul 15.

Guillain-Barré syndrome: pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis.

Nature reviews. Neurology

Bianca van den Berg, Christa Walgaard, Judith Drenthen, Christiaan Fokke, Bart C Jacobs, Pieter A van Doorn

Affiliations

  1. Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC University Medical Centre Rotterdam, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, Netherlands.
  2. Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Centre Rotterdam, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, Netherlands.
  3. Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Gelre ziekenhuis lokatie Apeldoorn, Albert Schweitzerlaan 31, 7334 DZ Apeldoorn, Netherlands.

PMID: 25023340 DOI: 10.1038/nrneurol.2014.121

Abstract

Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is a potentially life-threatening postinfectious disease characterized by rapidly progressive, symmetrical weakness of the extremities. About 25% of patients develop respiratory insufficiency and many show signs of autonomic dysfunction. Diagnosis can usually be made on clinical grounds, but lumbar puncture and electrophysiological studies can help to substantiate the diagnosis and to differentiate demyelinating from axonal subtypes of GBS. Molecular mimicry of pathogen-borne antigens, leading to generation of crossreactive antibodies that also target gangliosides, is part of the pathogenesis of GBS; the subtype and severity of the syndrome are partly determined by the nature of the antecedent infection and specificity of such antibodies. Intravenous immunoglobulin and plasma exchange are proven effective treatments but many patients have considerable residual deficits. Discrimination of patients with treatment-related fluctuations from those with acute-onset chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy is important, as these conditions may require different treatments. Novel prognostic models can accurately predict outcome and the need for artificial ventilation, which could aid the selection of patients with a poor prognosis for more-individualized care. This Review summarizes the clinical features of and diagnostic criteria for GBS, and discusses its pathogenesis, treatment and prognosis.

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