Display options
Share it on

J Dev Orig Health Dis. 2013 Apr;4(2):121-33. doi: 10.1017/S204017441200061X.

Prematurity and programming: contribution of neonatal Intensive Care Unit interventions.

Journal of developmental origins of health and disease

S C Kalhan, D Wilson-Costello

Affiliations

  1. 1 Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
  2. 3 Department of Neonatology, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.

PMID: 25054678 PMCID: PMC4115292 DOI: 10.1017/S204017441200061X

Abstract

Contemporary clinical practice for the care of the prematurely born babies has markedly improved their rates of survival so that most of these babies are expected to grow up to live a healthy functional life. Since the clinical follow-up is of short duration (years), only limited data are available to relate non-communicable diseases in adult life to events and interventions in the neonatal period. The major events that could have a programming effect include: (1) intrauterine growth restriction; (2) interruption of pregnancy with change in redox and reactive oxygen species (ROS) injury; (3) nutritional and pharmacological protocols for clinical care; and (4) nutritional care in the first 2 years resulting in accelerated weight gain. The available data are discussed in the context of perturbations in one carbon (methyl transfer) metabolism and its possible programming effects. Although direct evidence for genomic methylation is not available, clinical and experimental data on impact of redox and ROS, of low protein intake, excess methionine load and vitamin A, on methyl transfers are reviewed. The consequences of antenatal and postnatal administration of glucocorticoids are presented. Analysis of the correlates of insulin sensitivity at older age, suggests that premature birth is the major contributor, and is compounded by gain in weight during infancy. We speculate that premature interruption of pregnancy and neonatal interventions by affecting one carbon metabolism may cause programming effects on the immature baby. These can be additive to the effects of intrauterine environment (growth restriction) and are compounded by accelerated growth in early infancy.

References

  1. Arch Biochem Biophys. 2002 May 1;401(1):73-80 - PubMed
  2. Neurotoxicology. 2009 Nov;30(6):1120-6 - PubMed
  3. J Pediatr. 2005 Oct;147(4):457-61 - PubMed
  4. Cell Cycle. 2009 Mar 1;8(5):725-30 - PubMed
  5. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2008 Nov;93(6):F442-7 - PubMed
  6. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2010 May;298(5):R1375-82 - PubMed
  7. Pediatrics. 2009 May;123(5):1337-43 - PubMed
  8. J Nutr. 2001 Jul;131(7):1914-7 - PubMed
  9. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2007 Sep;92(5):F337-41 - PubMed
  10. Development. 1999 Mar;126(6):1149-59 - PubMed
  11. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006 Apr 25;103(17):6489-94 - PubMed
  12. N Engl J Med. 2007 Sep 20;357(12):1190-8 - PubMed
  13. Pediatrics. 2005 Mar;115(3):e249-54 - PubMed
  14. N Engl J Med. 2008 Apr 17;358(16):1700-11 - PubMed
  15. Semin Perinatol. 2003 Aug;27(4):281-7 - PubMed
  16. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004 Mar;89(3):1267-72 - PubMed
  17. J Biol Chem. 2011 Feb 18;286(7):5266-77 - PubMed
  18. J Toxicol Sci. 1995 May;20(2):93-101 - PubMed
  19. Pediatrics. 2010 Aug;126(2):342-51 - PubMed
  20. Pediatr Res. 2008 Oct;64(4):381-6 - PubMed
  21. N Engl J Med. 1999 Jun 24;340(25):1962-8 - PubMed
  22. Am J Epidemiol. 2009 Dec 15;170(12):1486-93 - PubMed
  23. N Engl J Med. 2011 Feb 17;364(7):603-15 - PubMed
  24. Lancet. 2005 May 28-Jun 3;365(9474):1856-62 - PubMed
  25. J Dev Behav Pediatr. 2009 Oct;30(5):460-70 - PubMed
  26. J Nutr. 2002 Mar;132(3):365-9 - PubMed
  27. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2007 Jul-Aug;31(4):278-83 - PubMed
  28. Am J Dis Child. 1984 Apr;138(4):370-5 - PubMed
  29. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2010 May;13(3):294-9 - PubMed
  30. J Perinatol. 2006 Jul;26(7):436-42 - PubMed
  31. J Nutr. 2003 Nov;133(11):3392-8 - PubMed
  32. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2009 Nov;94(6):F402-6 - PubMed
  33. Pediatrics. 2009 Mar;123(3):e430-7 - PubMed
  34. Diabetes. 2009 Mar;58(3):523-6 - PubMed
  35. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2011 Jul 12;108(28):11715-20 - PubMed
  36. Obes Rev. 2005 May;6(2):143-54 - PubMed
  37. Hypertension. 2000 Nov;36(5):790-4 - PubMed
  38. Exp Biol Med (Maywood). 2003 Jan;228(1):15-23 - PubMed
  39. Diabetologia. 2006 Mar;49(3):478-85 - PubMed
  40. Diabetologia. 2010 Dec;53(12):2526-30 - PubMed
  41. Pediatr Res. 2010 Jun;67(6):660-4 - PubMed
  42. Redox Rep. 2003;8(1):57-63 - PubMed
  43. Nutrition. 2002 Jan;18(1):40-6 - PubMed
  44. Pharmacol Ther. 2009 Sep;123(3):344-52 - PubMed
  45. Pediatrics. 2001 Feb;107(2):270-3 - PubMed
  46. Annu Rev Nutr. 2008;28:389-410 - PubMed
  47. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2009 Nov;5(11):604-10 - PubMed
  48. Pediatr Res. 1985 Sep;19(9):892-3 - PubMed
  49. Am J Clin Nutr. 2004 Dec;80(6):1589-94 - PubMed
  50. Pediatrics. 2000 Jun;105(6):E77 - PubMed
  51. Arch Dis Child. 2009 Mar;94(3):180-4 - PubMed
  52. J Clin Invest. 2008 Oct;118(10):3462-9 - PubMed
  53. Am J Clin Nutr. 1991 Jun;53(6):1455-9 - PubMed
  54. Early Hum Dev. 2007 May;83(5):327-33 - PubMed
  55. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2010 Jul;51(7):3701-8 - PubMed
  56. Pediatrics. 1988 Jan;81(1):41-50 - PubMed
  57. J Pediatr. 2011 Apr;158(4):543-548.e1 - PubMed
  58. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 2003 Feb;27(2):173-80 - PubMed
  59. Angiogenesis. 2004;7(4):335-45 - PubMed
  60. Pediatrics. 1987 Jun;79(6):894-900 - PubMed
  61. Pediatrics. 2006 Apr;117(4):1253-61 - PubMed
  62. J Pediatr. 1992 Sep;121(3):420-7 - PubMed
  63. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2004 Sep;89(5):F428-30 - PubMed
  64. J Pediatr. 2010 Jan;156(1):54-59.e1 - PubMed
  65. Pediatrics. 2011 Feb;127(2):363-9 - PubMed
  66. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 1997 Jul;77(1):F4-11 - PubMed
  67. BMJ. 2005 Sep 24;331(7518):665 - PubMed
  68. Trends Endocrinol Metab. 2005 Oct;16(8):390-4 - PubMed
  69. N Engl J Med. 2007 May 17;356(20):2053-63 - PubMed
  70. J Pediatr. 1996 Jan;128(1):130-4 - PubMed
  71. Horm Behav. 2011 Mar;59(3):279-89 - PubMed
  72. Toxicol Sci. 2001 Jan;59(1):5-16 - PubMed
  73. Pediatrics. 2011 Feb;127(2):e414-22 - PubMed
  74. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007 Aug 7;104(32):13056-61 - PubMed
  75. Pediatr Res. 1985 Feb;19(2):185-8 - PubMed
  76. Acta Paediatr. 2006 Aug;95(8):904-8 - PubMed
  77. JAMA. 2008 Dec 24;300(24):2886-97 - PubMed
  78. Biochem J. 2011 Mar 1;434(2):201-10 - PubMed
  79. J Pediatr. 2006 Mar;148(3):291-4 - PubMed
  80. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2010 Feb 23;10 Suppl 1:S3 - PubMed
  81. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2011 Oct 05;(10):CD000501 - PubMed
  82. Endocr Rev. 2004 Aug;25(4):581-611 - PubMed
  83. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2011 Feb;96(2):525-33 - PubMed
  84. Clin Sci (Lond). 2007 Sep;113(5):219-32 - PubMed
  85. Biochem J. 2010 Apr 14;427(3):333-47 - PubMed
  86. Pediatrics. 2005 Apr;115(4):997-1003 - PubMed
  87. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2006 Oct 18;(4):CD000399 - PubMed
  88. J Pediatr. 1987 Aug;111(2):269-77 - PubMed
  89. J Perinatol. 2004 Aug;24(8):482-6 - PubMed
  90. N Engl J Med. 2001 Jan 11;344(2):95-101 - PubMed
  91. N Engl J Med. 2004 Nov 18;351(21):2179-86 - PubMed
  92. Acta Paediatr. 2009 Aug;98(8):1269-73 - PubMed
  93. Pediatrics. 2002 Dec;110(6):1125-32 - PubMed
  94. Pediatr Neonatol. 2010 Aug;51(4):198-207 - PubMed
  95. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2012 Jul;97(4):F299-303 - PubMed
  96. Horm Metab Res. 2007 Mar;39(3):197-201 - PubMed
  97. J Clin Invest. 1993 Apr;91(4):1582-9 - PubMed
  98. Clin Sci (Lond). 2000 Feb;98(2):137-42 - PubMed
  99. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1999 Jan;288(1):371-8 - PubMed
  100. J Pediatr. 2005 Nov;147(5):662-8 - PubMed
  101. Environ Health Perspect. 2009 Apr;117(4):639-44 - PubMed
  102. Thorax. 2006 Aug;61(8):678-83 - PubMed
  103. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2000 Apr;278(4):L822-9 - PubMed
  104. Rev Endocr Metab Disord. 2012 Jun;13(2):109-19 - PubMed
  105. Acta Paediatr. 2006 Aug;95(8):909-17 - PubMed
  106. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2006 Jul 25;254-255:179-86 - PubMed
  107. Pediatr Res. 2005 Feb;57(2):211-5 - PubMed
  108. Diabetologia. 2000 Jun;43(6):714-7 - PubMed
  109. J Pediatr. 2006 Mar;148(3):300-305 - PubMed
  110. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2001 Jan;84(1):F9-F13 - PubMed
  111. J Biol Chem. 2010 Jul 16;285(29):21903-7 - PubMed
  112. Pediatrics. 1999 Aug;104(2 Pt 1):280-9 - PubMed
  113. Nat Med. 1999 Jun;5(6):623-8 - PubMed
  114. Biochem J. 1969 Jul;113(4):651-7 - PubMed
  115. Semin Perinatol. 2000 Apr;24(2):94-106 - PubMed
  116. Pediatrics. 2008 Aug;122(2):313-21 - PubMed
  117. Biol Neonate. 2004;85(3):210-6 - PubMed

Publication Types

Grant support