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Yang SY, Boniello AJ, Poorman CE, et al. A review of the diagnosis and treatment of atlantoaxial dislocations. Global Spine J. 2014;4(3):197-210doi: 10.1055/s-0034-1376371.
Yang, S. Y., Boniello, A. J., Poorman, C. E., Chang, A. L., Wang, S., & Passias, P. G. (2014). A review of the diagnosis and treatment of atlantoaxial dislocations. Global spine journal, 4(3), 197-210. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0034-1376371
Yang, Sun Y, et al. "A review of the diagnosis and treatment of atlantoaxial dislocations." Global spine journal vol. 4,3 (2014): 197-210. doi: https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0034-1376371
Yang SY, Boniello AJ, Poorman CE, Chang AL, Wang S, Passias PG. A review of the diagnosis and treatment of atlantoaxial dislocations. Global Spine J. 2014 Aug;4(3):197-210. doi: 10.1055/s-0034-1376371. Epub 2014 May 22. PMID: 25083363; PMCID: PMC4111952.
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Global Spine J. 2014 Aug;4(3):197-210. doi: 10.1055/s-0034-1376371. Epub 2014 May 22.

A review of the diagnosis and treatment of atlantoaxial dislocations.

Global spine journal

Sun Y Yang, Anthony J Boniello, Caroline E Poorman, Andy L Chang, Shenglin Wang, Peter G Passias

Affiliations

  1. Division of Spinal Surgery, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, NYU Medical Center Hospital for Joint Diseases, NYU School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States.
  2. Orthopaedic Department, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.

PMID: 25083363 PMCID: PMC4111952 DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1376371

Abstract

Study Design Literature review. Objective Atlantoaxial dislocation (AAD) is a rare and potentially fatal disturbance to the normal occipital-cervical anatomy that affects some populations disproportionately, which may cause permanent neurologic deficits or sagittal deformity if not treated in a timely and appropriate manner. Currently, there is a lack of consensus among surgeons on the best approach to diagnose, characterize, and treat this condition. The objective of this review is to provide a comprehensive review of the literature to identify timely and effective diagnostic techniques and treatment modalities of AAD. Methods This review examined all articles published concerning "atlantoaxial dislocation" or "atlantoaxial subluxation" on the PubMed database. We included 112 articles published between 1966 and 2014. Results Results of these studies are summarized primarily as defining AAD, the normal anatomy, etiology of dislocation, clinical presentation, diagnostic techniques, classification, and recommendations for timely treatment modalities. Conclusions The Wang Classification System provides a practical means to diagnose and treat AAD. However, future research is required to identify the most salient intervention component or combination of components that lead to the best outcomes.

Keywords: atlantoaxial dislocation; atlantoaxial subluxation; classification; comprehensive review; diagnosis; treatment

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