Surg Neurol Int. 2014 Jun 07;5:89. doi: 10.4103/2152-7806.134104. eCollection 2014.
Prognostic value of the preoperative immunological profile in patients with glioblastoma.
Surgical neurology international
Konstantinos Gousias, Spiridon Voulgaris, Georgios Vartholomatos, Paraskevi Voulgari, Athanasios P Kyritsis, Markella Markou
Affiliations
Affiliations
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 25, 53105, Germany ; Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Ioannina, 45500, Greece.
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Ioannina, 45500, Greece.
- Department of Haematology, University Hospital of Ioannina, 45500, Greece.
- Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital of Ioannina, 45500, Greece.
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Ioannina, 45500, Greece.
- Department of Psychiatry, Landschaftsverband Rheinland Klinik, Kaiser-Karl-Ring 20, Bonn, 53111, Germany.
PMID: 25024889
PMCID: PMC4093739 DOI: 10.4103/2152-7806.134104
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Aim of our study was to determine the predictive impact of certain serum immunological markers on overall survival (OS) in patients with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM).
METHODS: We assayed prospectively values of interleukin 2 (IL-2), immunoglobulin G (IgG), C4, CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+ cells via flow cytometry, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and radial immunodiffusion in preoperative sera of adult patients with de novo histologically confirmed supratentorial GBM. Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess clinical, laboratory, and treatment prognostic factors for OS.
RESULTS: Twenty-six consecutive patients were identified with a mean age of 59.6 years. Median follow up was 12 months. Lower IL-2 values (<7.97 pg/ml vs. ≥7.97 pg/ml, P = 0.029) und CD4+ counts (<200 cells/μl vs. ≥200 cells/μl, P < 0.001) correlated significantly with a shorter OS. The independent prognostic relevance of CD4 + counts was confirmed by the multivariate analysis (HR = 0.010, 95% CI 0.001-0.226, P = 0.011). Further independent prognostic factors for OS were type of resection (resection vs. biopsy) and administration of radiotherapy (yes/no).
CONCLUSION: Preoperative values IL-2 and CD4+ cells in sera may carry a prognostic impact. Novel diagnostic models prior to histopathological confirmation may be used to predict prognosis of patients with GBM. Future studies should investigate whether targeting immune factors, such as CD4+ and IL-2, may improve the prognosis of patients with GBM.
Keywords: CD4+ cells; IL-2; glioblastoma multiforme; overall survival; serum
References
- J Neuroimmunol. 2010 Sep 14;226(1-2):136-42 - PubMed
- Surg Neurol Int. 2013;4:14 - PubMed
- Cancer Res. 2006 Mar 15;66(6):3294-302 - PubMed
- Medicina (Kaunas). 2007;43(7):548-54 - PubMed
- Surg Neurol Int. 2013;4:15 - PubMed
- Surg Neurol Int. 2012;3:19 - PubMed
- J Neuroimmunol. 1999 Dec;100(1-2):216-32 - PubMed
- Acta Neuropathol. 2010 Dec;120(6):707-18 - PubMed
- Br J Cancer. 2010 Sep 7;103(6):827-36 - PubMed
- Arq Neuropsiquiatr. 1999 Sep;57(3A):539-46 - PubMed
- J Neurosurg. 2007 Feb;106(2):299-305 - PubMed
- Int J Cancer. 2010 Jul 1;127(1):101-10 - PubMed
- J Neurosurg. 2010 May;112(5):997-1004 - PubMed
- J Neuroimmunol. 2013 Nov 15;264(1-2):84-90 - PubMed
- Cancer Res. 1988 Jun 1;48(11):2981-7 - PubMed
- Neuro Oncol. 2010 Jul;12(7):725-35 - PubMed
- Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2007 Mar;149(3):245-52; discussion 252-3 - PubMed
- Immunol Rev. 2008 Apr;222:70-100 - PubMed
- Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2005 Aug 1;62(5):1423-6 - PubMed
- Cancer Gene Ther. 2002 May;9(5):464-9 - PubMed
- Neurosurgery. 2008 Mar;62(3):564-76; discussion 564-76 - PubMed
- J Clin Oncol. 2008 Sep 1;26(25):4189-99 - PubMed
- Arthritis Rheum. 1989 Jul;32(7):884-93 - PubMed
- Acta Neurol Scand. 2010 Sep;122(3):159-67 - PubMed
- Blood. 2009 May 21;113(21):5134-43 - PubMed
- Neuro Oncol. 2012 Aug;14(8):958-78 - PubMed
- N Engl J Med. 2005 Mar 10;352(10):987-96 - PubMed
- Neuroepidemiology. 2009;33(2):89-95 - PubMed
- J Neurosurg. 2006 Sep;105(3):430-7 - PubMed
Publication Types