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Meza-Sosa KF, Pedraza-Alva G, Pérez-Martínez L. microRNAs: key triggers of neuronal cell fate. Front Cell Neurosci. 2014;8:175doi: 10.3389/fncel.2014.00175.
Meza-Sosa, K. F., Pedraza-Alva, G., & Pérez-Martínez, L. (2014). microRNAs: key triggers of neuronal cell fate. Frontiers in cellular neuroscience, 8175. https://doi.org/10.3389/fncel.2014.00175
Meza-Sosa, Karla F, et al. "microRNAs: key triggers of neuronal cell fate." Frontiers in cellular neuroscience vol. 8 (2014): 175. doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fncel.2014.00175
Meza-Sosa KF, Pedraza-Alva G, Pérez-Martínez L. microRNAs: key triggers of neuronal cell fate. Front Cell Neurosci. 2014 Jun 25;8:175. doi: 10.3389/fncel.2014.00175. eCollection 2014. PMID: 25009466; PMCID: PMC4070303.
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Front Cell Neurosci. 2014 Jun 25;8:175. doi: 10.3389/fncel.2014.00175. eCollection 2014.

microRNAs: key triggers of neuronal cell fate.

Frontiers in cellular neuroscience

Karla F Meza-Sosa, Gustavo Pedraza-Alva, Leonor Pérez-Martínez

Affiliations

  1. Laboratorio de Neuroinmunobiología, Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Cuernavaca, México.

PMID: 25009466 PMCID: PMC4070303 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2014.00175

Abstract

Development of the central nervous system (CNS) requires a precisely coordinated series of events. During embryonic development, different intra- and extracellular signals stimulate neural stem cells to become neural progenitors, which eventually irreversibly exit from the cell cycle to begin the first stage of neurogenesis. However, before this event occurs, the self-renewal and proliferative capacities of neural stem cells and neural progenitors must be tightly regulated. Accordingly, the participation of various evolutionary conserved microRNAs is key in distinct central nervous system (CNS) developmental processes of many organisms including human, mouse, chicken, frog, and zebrafish. microRNAs specifically recognize and regulate the expression of target mRNAs by sequence complementarity within the mRNAs 3' untranslated region and importantly, a single microRNA can have several target mRNAs to regulate a process; likewise, a unique mRNA can be targeted by more than one microRNA. Thus, by regulating different target genes, microRNAs let-7, microRNA-124, and microRNA-9 have been shown to promote the differentiation of neural stem cells and neural progenitors into specific neural cell types while microRNA-134, microRNA-25 and microRNA-137 have been characterized as microRNAs that induce the proliferation of neural stem cells and neural progenitors. Here we review the mechanisms of action of these two sets of microRNAs and their functional implications during the transition from neural stem cells and neural progenitors to fully differentiated neurons. The genetic and epigenetic mechanisms that regulate the expression of these microRNAs as well as the role of the recently described natural RNA circles which act as natural microRNA sponges regulating post-transcriptional microRNA expression and function during the early stages of neurogenesis is also discussed.

Keywords: central nervous system; development; miRNAs; neural progenitors; neural stem cell; neuronal cell fate; neuronal differentiation

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