Display options
Share it on

Front Behav Neurosci. 2014 Jul 21;8:247. doi: 10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00247. eCollection 2014.

Insula and inferior frontal triangularis activations distinguish between conditioned brain responses using emotional sounds for basic BCI communication.

Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience

Linda van der Heiden, Giulia Liberati, Ranganatha Sitaram, Sunjung Kim, Piotr Jaśkowski, Antonino Raffone, Marta Olivetti Belardinelli, Niels Birbaumer, Ralf Veit

Affiliations

  1. Department of Cognitive Psychology, University of Finance and Management Pawia, Warsaw, Poland ; Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, Eberhard Karls-University Tübingen, Germany.
  2. Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, Eberhard Karls-University Tübingen, Germany ; Interuniversity Centre for Research on Cognitive Processing in Natural and Artificial Systems (ECONA) Rome, Italy ; Institute of Neuroscience, Université Catholique de Louvain Brussels, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
  3. Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, Eberhard Karls-University Tübingen, Germany ; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida Gainesville, FL, USA ; Biomedical Engineering, Sri Chitra Tirunal Institute of Medical Sciences and Technology Trivandrum, India.
  4. Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, Eberhard Karls-University Tübingen, Germany.
  5. Department of Cognitive Psychology, University of Finance and Management Pawia, Warsaw, Poland.
  6. Interuniversity Centre for Research on Cognitive Processing in Natural and Artificial Systems (ECONA) Rome, Italy ; Department of Psychology, University "Sapienza" of Rome Rome, Italy.
  7. Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, Eberhard Karls-University Tübingen, Germany ; Ospedale San Camillo-IRCCS, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Venezia Lido, Italy.

PMID: 25100958 PMCID: PMC4104703 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00247

Abstract

In order to enable communication through a brain-computer interface (BCI), it is necessary to discriminate between distinct brain responses. As a first step, we probed the possibility to discriminate between affirmative ("yes") and negative ("no") responses using a semantic classical conditioning paradigm, within an fMRI setting. Subjects were presented with congruent and incongruent word-pairs as conditioned stimuli (CS), respectively eliciting affirmative and negative responses. Incongruent word-pairs were associated to an unpleasant unconditioned stimulus (scream, US1) and congruent word-pairs were associated to a pleasant unconditioned stimulus (baby-laughter, US2), in order to elicit emotional conditioned responses (CR). The aim was to discriminate between affirmative and negative responses, enabled by their association with the positive and negative affective stimuli. In the late acquisition phase, when the US were not present anymore, there was a strong significant differential activation for incongruent and congruent word-pairs in a cluster comprising the left insula and the inferior frontal triangularis. This association was not found in the habituation phase. These results suggest that the difference in affirmative and negative brain responses was established as an effect of conditioning, allowing to further investigate the possibility of using this paradigm for a binary choice BCI.

Keywords: BCI; Insula; classical conditioning; emotions; fMRI; inferior frontal triangularis

References

  1. Brain Lang. 1998 Sep;64(2):231-56 - PubMed
  2. Hum Brain Mapp. 2001 Jun;13(2):104-23 - PubMed
  3. Hippocampus. 2005;15(6):713-21 - PubMed
  4. Front Neurosci. 2013 Mar 07;7:23 - PubMed
  5. Clin Neurophysiol. 2002 Jun;113(6):767-91 - PubMed
  6. Biol Psychol. 2013 Feb;92(2):267-74 - PubMed
  7. J Neurosci. 1999 Dec 15;19(24):10869-76 - PubMed
  8. Brain Res Cogn Brain Res. 2005 Dec;25(3):982-93 - PubMed
  9. Psychophysiology. 2006 Nov;43(6):517-32 - PubMed
  10. Proc Biol Sci. 1998 Oct 7;265(1408):1809-17 - PubMed
  11. Q J Exp Psychol B. 1997 Nov;50(4):350-67 - PubMed
  12. Integr Physiol Behav Sci. 1991 Jan-Mar;26(1):45-50 - PubMed
  13. Hum Brain Mapp. 2003 Sep;20(1):29-40 - PubMed
  14. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol. 1994 Aug;16(4):489-97 - PubMed
  15. Hum Brain Mapp. 2010 Sep;31(9):1446-57 - PubMed
  16. Neuroimage. 1999 Nov;10(5):520-9 - PubMed
  17. Behav Res Methods. 2008 Feb;40(1):315-21 - PubMed
  18. J Neurosci Methods. 2012 Jan 15;203(1):233-40 - PubMed
  19. Neuroimage. 2006 Nov 15;33(3):947-57 - PubMed
  20. Neuroimage. 2011 May 15;56(2):753-65 - PubMed
  21. Science. 1939 Jul 28;90(2326):89-90 - PubMed
  22. Neuroimage. 2010 Jan 1;49(1):939-46 - PubMed
  23. Neuron. 1998 May;20(5):947-57 - PubMed
  24. Cereb Cortex. 2013 Feb;23(2):477-87 - PubMed
  25. Psychophysiology. 1996 Nov;33(6):644-9 - PubMed
  26. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry. 1994 Mar;25(1):49-59 - PubMed
  27. Neuroimage. 2004 May;22(1):42-56 - PubMed
  28. Cereb Cortex. 2005 Sep;15(9):1438-50 - PubMed
  29. Neuropsychologia. 2003;41(3):293-303 - PubMed
  30. Neuroimage. 2002 Jun;16(2):331-48 - PubMed
  31. J Alzheimers Dis. 2012;31 Suppl 3:S211-20 - PubMed
  32. Cortex. 2011 Jan;47(1):35-46 - PubMed
  33. J Cogn Neurosci. 2002 Jan 1;14(1):11-23 - PubMed
  34. Psychol Rev. 1961 Mar;68:1-147 - PubMed

Publication Types