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Legler PM, Boisvert SM, Compton JR, et al. Development of organophosphate hydrolase activity in a bacterial homolog of human cholinesterase. Front Chem. 2014;2:46doi: 10.3389/fchem.2014.00046.
Legler, P. M., Boisvert, S. M., Compton, J. R., & Millard, C. B. (2014). Development of organophosphate hydrolase activity in a bacterial homolog of human cholinesterase. Frontiers in chemistry, 246. https://doi.org/10.3389/fchem.2014.00046
Legler, Patricia M, et al. "Development of organophosphate hydrolase activity in a bacterial homolog of human cholinesterase." Frontiers in chemistry vol. 2 (2014): 46. doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fchem.2014.00046
Legler PM, Boisvert SM, Compton JR, Millard CB. Development of organophosphate hydrolase activity in a bacterial homolog of human cholinesterase. Front Chem. 2014 Jul 16;2:46. doi: 10.3389/fchem.2014.00046. eCollection 2014. PMID: 25077141; PMCID: PMC4100338.
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Front Chem. 2014 Jul 16;2:46. doi: 10.3389/fchem.2014.00046. eCollection 2014.

Development of organophosphate hydrolase activity in a bacterial homolog of human cholinesterase.

Frontiers in chemistry

Patricia M Legler, Susanne M Boisvert, Jaimee R Compton, Charles B Millard

Affiliations

  1. Naval Research Laboratory, Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering Washington, DC, USA.
  2. Department of Chemistry, Texas State University San Marcos, TX, USA.
  3. Nova Research Inc. Alexandria, VA, USA.
  4. United States Army Medical Research and Materiel Command Fort Detrick, MD, USA.

PMID: 25077141 PMCID: PMC4100338 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2014.00046

Abstract

We applied a combination of rational design and directed evolution (DE) to Bacillus subtilis p-nitrobenzyl esterase (pNBE) with the goal of enhancing organophosphorus acid anhydride hydrolase (OPAAH) activity. DE started with a designed variant, pNBE A107H, carrying a histidine homologous with human butyrylcholinesterase G117H to find complementary mutations that further enhance its OPAAH activity. Five sites were selected (G105, G106, A107, A190, and A400) within a 6.7 Å radius of the nucleophilic serine Oγ. All 95 variants were screened for esterase activity with a set of five substrates: pNP-acetate, pNP-butyrate, acetylthiocholine, butyrylthiocholine, or benzoylthiocholine. A microscale assay for OPAAH activity was developed for screening DE libraries. Reductions in esterase activity were generally concomitant with enhancements in OPAAH activity. One variant, A107K, showed an unexpected 7-fold increase in its k cat/K m for benzoylthiocholine, demonstrating that it is also possible to enhance the cholinesterase activity of pNBE. Moreover, DE resulted in at least three variants with modestly enhanced OPAAH activity compared to wild type pNBE. A107H/A190C showed a 50-fold increase in paraoxonase activity and underwent a slow time- and temperature-dependent change affecting the hydrolysis of OPAA and ester substrates. Structural analysis suggests that pNBE may represent a precursor leading to human cholinesterase and carboxylesterase 1 through extension of two vestigial specificity loops; a preliminary attempt to transfer the Ω-loop of BChE into pNBE is described. Unlike butyrylcholinesterase and pNBE, introducing a G143H mutation (equivalent to G117H) did not confer detectable OP hydrolase activity on human carboxylesterase 1 (hCE1). We discuss the use of pNBE as a surrogate scaffold for the mammalian esterases, and the importance of the oxyanion-hole residues for enhancing the OPAAH activity of selected serine hydrolases.

Keywords: catalytic bioscavenger; cholinesterase; directed evolution; hysteresis; nerve agent; organophosphate

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