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Boukhris M, Tomasello SD, Marzà F, et al. Coronary Heart Disease in Postmenopausal Women with Type II Diabetes Mellitus and the Impact of Estrogen Replacement Therapy: A Narrative Review. Int J Endocrinol. 2014;2014:413920doi: 10.1155/2014/413920.
Boukhris, M., Tomasello, S. D., Marzà, F., Bregante, S., Pluchinotta, F. R., & Galassi, A. R. (2014). Coronary Heart Disease in Postmenopausal Women with Type II Diabetes Mellitus and the Impact of Estrogen Replacement Therapy: A Narrative Review. International journal of endocrinology, 2014413920. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/413920
Boukhris, Marouane, et al. "Coronary Heart Disease in Postmenopausal Women with Type II Diabetes Mellitus and the Impact of Estrogen Replacement Therapy: A Narrative Review." International journal of endocrinology vol. 2014 (2014): 413920. doi: https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/413920
Boukhris M, Tomasello SD, Marzà F, Bregante S, Pluchinotta FR, Galassi AR. Coronary Heart Disease in Postmenopausal Women with Type II Diabetes Mellitus and the Impact of Estrogen Replacement Therapy: A Narrative Review. Int J Endocrinol. 2014;2014:413920. doi: 10.1155/2014/413920. Epub 2014 Jul 17. PMID: 25136365; PMCID: PMC4127220.
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Int J Endocrinol. 2014;2014:413920. doi: 10.1155/2014/413920. Epub 2014 Jul 17.

Coronary Heart Disease in Postmenopausal Women with Type II Diabetes Mellitus and the Impact of Estrogen Replacement Therapy: A Narrative Review.

International journal of endocrinology

Marouane Boukhris, Salvatore Davide Tomasello, Francesco Marzà, Sonia Bregante, Francesca Romana Pluchinotta, Alfredo Ruggero Galassi

Affiliations

  1. Department of Medical Sciences and Pediatrics, Catheterization Laboratory and Cardiovascular Interventional Unit, Cannizzaro Hospital, University of Catania, Via Messina 829, 95126 Catania, Italy.
  2. IRCCS Policlinico S. Donato, Via Morandi 30, 20097 Milano, Italy.

PMID: 25136365 PMCID: PMC4127220 DOI: 10.1155/2014/413920

Abstract

Coronary heart disease is the main cause of death in postmenopausal women (PMW); moreover its mortality exceeds those for breast cancer in women at all ages. Type II diabetes mellitus is a major cardiovascular risk factor and there is some evidence that the risk conferred by diabetes is greater in women than in men. It was established that the deficiency of endogenous estrogens promotes the atherosclerosis process. However, the impact of estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) on cardiovascular prevention remains controversial. Some authors strongly recommend it, whereas others revealed a concerning trend toward harm. This review tries to underlines the different components of cardiovascular risk in diabetic PMW and to define the place of ERT.

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