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Front Immunol. 2014 Aug 21;5:402. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00402. eCollection 2014.

Complement, c1q, and c1q-related molecules regulate macrophage polarization.

Frontiers in immunology

Suzanne S Bohlson, Sean D O'Conner, Holly Jo Hulsebus, Minh-Minh Ho, Deborah A Fraser

Affiliations

  1. Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Des Moines University , Des Moines, IA , USA.
  2. Department of Biologicial Sciences, California State University Long Beach , Long Beach, CA , USA.

PMID: 25191325 PMCID: PMC4139736 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00402

Abstract

Complement is a critical system of enzymes, regulatory proteins, and receptors that regulates both innate and adaptive immune responses. Natural mutations in complement molecules highlight their requirement in regulation of a variety of human conditions including infectious disease and autoimmunity. As sentinels of the immune system, macrophages are specialized to respond to infectious microbes, as well as normal and altered self, and dictate appropriate immune responses. Complement components such as anaphylatoxins (C3a and C5a) and opsonins [C3b, C1q, mannan binding lectin (MBL)] influence macrophage responses. While anaphylatoxins C3a and C5a trigger inflammasome activation, opsonins such as C1q and related molecules (MBL and adiponectin) downregulate inflammasome activation and inflammation, and upregulate engulfment of apoptotic cells consistent with a pro-resolving or M2 macrophage phenotype. This review summarizes our current understanding of the influence of the complement system on macrophage polarization with an emphasis on C1q and related molecules.

Keywords: C1q; adiponectin; complement; cytokine; efferocytosis; inflammasome; macrophage; phagocytosis

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