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Hernandez R, Brown DT, Paredes A. Structural differences observed in arboviruses of the alphavirus and flavivirus genera. Adv Virol. 2014;2014:259382doi: 10.1155/2014/259382.
Hernandez, R., Brown, D. T., & Paredes, A. (2014). Structural differences observed in arboviruses of the alphavirus and flavivirus genera. Advances in virology, 2014259382. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/259382
Hernandez, Raquel, et al. "Structural differences observed in arboviruses of the alphavirus and flavivirus genera." Advances in virology vol. 2014 (2014): 259382. doi: https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/259382
Hernandez R, Brown DT, Paredes A. Structural differences observed in arboviruses of the alphavirus and flavivirus genera. Adv Virol. 2014;2014:259382. doi: 10.1155/2014/259382. Epub 2014 Sep 16. PMID: 25309597; PMCID: PMC4182009.
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Adv Virol. 2014;2014:259382. doi: 10.1155/2014/259382. Epub 2014 Sep 16.

Structural differences observed in arboviruses of the alphavirus and flavivirus genera.

Advances in virology

Raquel Hernandez, Dennis T Brown, Angel Paredes

Affiliations

  1. Department of Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
  2. U.S. FDA/National Center for Toxicological Research, Department of Health and Human Services, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA.

PMID: 25309597 PMCID: PMC4182009 DOI: 10.1155/2014/259382

Abstract

Arthropod borne viruses have developed a complex life cycle adapted to alternate between insect and vertebrate hosts. These arthropod-borne viruses belong mainly to the families Togaviridae, Flaviviridae, and Bunyaviridae. This group of viruses contains many pathogens that cause febrile, hemorrhagic, and encephalitic disease or arthritic symptoms which can be persistent. It has been appreciated for many years that these viruses were evolutionarily adapted to function in the highly divergent cellular environments of both insect and mammalian phyla. These viruses are hybrid in nature, containing viral-encoded RNA and proteins which are glycosylated by the host and encapsulate viral nucleocapsids in the context of a host-derived membrane. From a structural perspective, these virus particles are macromolecular machines adapted in design to assemble into a packaging and delivery system for the virus genome and, only when associated with the conditions appropriate for a productive infection, to disassemble and deliver the RNA cargo. It was initially assumed that the structures of the virus from both hosts were equivalent. New evidence that alphaviruses and flaviviruses can exist in more than one conformation postenvelopment will be discussed in this review. The data are limited but should refocus the field of structural biology on the metastable nature of these viruses.

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