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Gard T, Noggle JJ, Park CL, et al. Potential self-regulatory mechanisms of yoga for psychological health. Front Hum Neurosci. 2014;8:770doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2014.00770.
Gard, T., Noggle, J. J., Park, C. L., Vago, D. R., & Wilson, A. (2014). Potential self-regulatory mechanisms of yoga for psychological health. Frontiers in human neuroscience, 8770. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2014.00770
Gard, Tim, et al. "Potential self-regulatory mechanisms of yoga for psychological health." Frontiers in human neuroscience vol. 8 (2014): 770. doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2014.00770
Gard T, Noggle JJ, Park CL, Vago DR, Wilson A. Potential self-regulatory mechanisms of yoga for psychological health. Front Hum Neurosci. 2014 Sep 30;8:770. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2014.00770. eCollection 2014. PMID: 25368562; PMCID: PMC4179745.
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Front Hum Neurosci. 2014 Sep 30;8:770. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2014.00770. eCollection 2014.

Potential self-regulatory mechanisms of yoga for psychological health.

Frontiers in human neuroscience

Tim Gard, Jessica J Noggle, Crystal L Park, David R Vago, Angela Wilson

Affiliations

  1. Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital Boston, MA, USA ; Bender Institute of Neuroimaging, Justus Liebig Universität Giessen Giessen, Germany ; Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Maastricht, Netherlands.
  2. Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School Boston, MA, USA.
  3. Department of Psychology, University of Connecticut Storrs, CT, USA.
  4. Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School Boston, MA, USA.
  5. Institute for Extraordinary Living, Kripalu Center for Yoga and Health Stockbridge, MA, USA.

PMID: 25368562 PMCID: PMC4179745 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2014.00770

Abstract

Research suggesting the beneficial effects of yoga on myriad aspects of psychological health has proliferated in recent years, yet there is currently no overarching framework by which to understand yoga's potential beneficial effects. Here we provide a theoretical framework and systems-based network model of yoga that focuses on integration of top-down and bottom-up forms of self-regulation. We begin by contextualizing yoga in historical and contemporary settings, and then detail how specific components of yoga practice may affect cognitive, emotional, behavioral, and autonomic output under stress through an emphasis on interoception and bottom-up input, resulting in physical and psychological health. The model describes yoga practice as a comprehensive skillset of synergistic process tools that facilitate bidirectional feedback and integration between high- and low-level brain networks, and afferent and re-afferent input from interoceptive processes (somatosensory, viscerosensory, chemosensory). From a predictive coding perspective we propose a shift to perceptual inference for stress modulation and optimal self-regulation. We describe how the processes that sub-serve self-regulation become more automatized and efficient over time and practice, requiring less effort to initiate when necessary and terminate more rapidly when no longer needed. To support our proposed model, we present the available evidence for yoga affecting self-regulatory pathways, integrating existing constructs from behavior theory and cognitive neuroscience with emerging yoga and meditation research. This paper is intended to guide future basic and clinical research, specifically targeting areas of development in the treatment of stress-mediated psychological disorders.

Keywords: bottom-up; executive control; self-regulation; stress; top-down; viscerosomatic; yoga

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