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Farmer AD, Coen SJ, Kano M, et al. Normal values and reproducibility of the real-time index of vagal tone in healthy humans: a multi-center study. Ann Gastroenterol. 2014;27(4):362-368
Farmer, A. D., Coen, S. J., Kano, M., Weltens, N., Ly, H. G., Botha, C., Paine, P. A., Oudenhove, L. V., & Aziz, Q. (2014). Normal values and reproducibility of the real-time index of vagal tone in healthy humans: a multi-center study. Annals of gastroenterology, 27(4), 362-368.
Farmer, Adam D, et al. "Normal values and reproducibility of the real-time index of vagal tone in healthy humans: a multi-center study." Annals of gastroenterology vol. 27,4 (2014): 362-368.
Farmer AD, Coen SJ, Kano M, Weltens N, Ly HG, Botha C, Paine PA, Oudenhove LV, Aziz Q. Normal values and reproducibility of the real-time index of vagal tone in healthy humans: a multi-center study. Ann Gastroenterol. 2014;27(4):362-368. PMID: 25330916; PMCID: PMC4188934.
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Ann Gastroenterol. 2014;27(4):362-368.

Normal values and reproducibility of the real-time index of vagal tone in healthy humans: a multi-center study.

Annals of gastroenterology

Adam D Farmer, Steven J Coen, Michiko Kano, Nathalie Weltens, Huynh Giao Ly, Claude Botha, Peter A Paine, Lukas Van Oudenhove, Qasim Aziz

Affiliations

  1. Centre for Digestive Diseases, Blizard Institute, Wingate Institute of Neurogastroenterology, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, UK (Adam D. Farmer, Steven J. Coen, Michiko Kano, Claude Botha, Qasim Aziz).
  2. Centre for Digestive Diseases, Blizard Institute, Wingate Institute of Neurogastroenterology, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, UK (Adam D. Farmer, Steven J. Coen, Michiko Kano, Claude Botha, Qasim Aziz) ; Behavioural Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan (Michiko Kano).
  3. Translational Research Centre for Gastrointestinal Disorders, University of Leuven, Belgium (Nathalie Weltens, Huynh Giao Ly, Lukas Van Oudenhove).
  4. Salford Royal Foundation NHS Trust, UK (Peter A. Paine) ; Gastrointestinal Sciences, University of Manchester, UK (Peter A. Paine).

PMID: 25330916 PMCID: PMC4188934

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The parasympathetic nervous system has been implicated in the pathogenesis of a number of gastrointestinal disorders including irritable bowel syndrome. Within the field, cardiometric parameters of parasympathetic/vagal tone are most commonly derived from time, or frequency, domain analysis of heart rate variability (HRV), yet it has limited temporal resolution. Cardiac vagal tone (CVT) is a non-invasive beat-to-beat measure of brainstem efferent vagal activity that overcomes many of the temporal limitations of HRV parameters. However, its normal values and reproducibility in healthy subjects are not fully described. The aim of this study was to address these knowledge gaps.

METHODS: 200 healthy subjects (106 males, median age 28 years, range 18-59 years) were evaluated across three study centers. After attachment of CVT recording equipment, 20 min of data (resting/no stimulation) was acquired. 30 subjects, selected at random, were restudied after 1 year.

RESULTS: The mean CVT was 9.5±4.16 linear vagal scale (LVS). Thus, the normal range (mean±2 standard deviations) for CVT based on this data was 1.9-17.8 LVS. CVT correlated negatively with heart rate (r=-0.6, P=0.001). CVT reproducibility over 1 year, as indexed by an intra-class correlational coefficient of 0.81 (95% confidence interval 0.64-0.91), was good.

CONCLUSIONS: In healthy subjects, the normal range for CVT should be considered to be 1.9-17.8 LVS and is reproducible over 1 year. Future research utilizing CVT should refer to these values although further study is warranted in patient groups.

Keywords: Autonomic nervous system; cardiac vagal tone; parasympathetic nervous system

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