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David C, Karvinen P, Sikorski M, et al. Following the dynamics of matter with femtosecond precision using the X-ray streaking method. Sci Rep. 2015;5:7644doi: 10.1038/srep07644.
David, C., Karvinen, P., Sikorski, M., Song, S., Vartiainen, I., Milne, C. J., Mozzanica, A., Kayser, Y., Diaz, A., Mohacsi, I., Carini, G. A., Herrmann, S., Färm, E., Ritala, M., Fritz, D. M., & Robert, A. (2015). Following the dynamics of matter with femtosecond precision using the X-ray streaking method. Scientific reports, 57644. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep07644
David, C, et al. "Following the dynamics of matter with femtosecond precision using the X-ray streaking method." Scientific reports vol. 5 (2015): 7644. doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/srep07644
David C, Karvinen P, Sikorski M, Song S, Vartiainen I, Milne CJ, Mozzanica A, Kayser Y, Diaz A, Mohacsi I, Carini GA, Herrmann S, Färm E, Ritala M, Fritz DM, Robert A. Following the dynamics of matter with femtosecond precision using the X-ray streaking method. Sci Rep. 2015 Jan 06;5:7644. doi: 10.1038/srep07644. PMID: 25561027; PMCID: PMC4284506.
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Sci Rep. 2015 Jan 06;5:7644. doi: 10.1038/srep07644.

Following the dynamics of matter with femtosecond precision using the X-ray streaking method.

Scientific reports

C David, P Karvinen, M Sikorski, S Song, I Vartiainen, C J Milne, A Mozzanica, Y Kayser, A Diaz, I Mohacsi, G A Carini, S Herrmann, E Färm, M Ritala, D M Fritz, A Robert

Affiliations

  1. Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland.
  2. SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA.
  3. Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland.

PMID: 25561027 PMCID: PMC4284506 DOI: 10.1038/srep07644

Abstract

X-ray Free Electron Lasers (FELs) can produce extremely intense and very short pulses, down to below 10 femtoseconds (fs). Among the key applications are ultrafast time-resolved studies of dynamics of matter by observing responses to fast excitation pulses in a pump-probe manner. Detectors with sufficient time resolution for observing these processes are not available. Therefore, such experiments typically measure a sample's full dynamics by repeating multiple pump-probe cycles at different delay times. This conventional method assumes that the sample returns to an identical or very similar state after each cycle. Here we describe a novel approach that can provide a time trace of responses following a single excitation pulse, jitter-free, with fs timing precision. We demonstrate, in an X-ray diffraction experiment, how it can be applied to the investigation of ultrafast irreversible processes.

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