Int J Sports Phys Ther. 2014 Dec;9(7):888-97.
Lower limb muscle activity during forefoot and rearfoot strike running techniques.
International journal of sports physical therapy
Lindsey L Landreneau, Kayla Watts, Jill E Heitzman, W Lee Childers
Affiliations
Affiliations
- Department of Physical Therapy, Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL, USA.
- Department of Prosthetics and Orthotics, Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL, USA.
PMID: 25540704
PMCID: PMC4275193
Abstract
PURPOSE/BACKGROUND: Distance running offers a method to improve fitness but also has a risk of lower limb overuse injuries. Foot strike technique has been suggested as a method to alter loading of the lower limb and possibly minimize injury risk. However, there is a dearth of information regarding neuromuscular response to variations in running techniques. The purpose of this investigation was to compare the EMG activity that occurs during FFS running and RFS running, focusing on the biceps femoris, semitendenosis, rectus femoris, vastus medialis oblique, tibialis anterior (TA), medial head of gastrocnemeus (MGas), lateral head of gastrocnemius (LGas), and soleus.
METHODS: healthy adults (6 male, 8 female; age, 24.2 ± 0.8 years, height 170.1 ± 7.8 cm; mass 69.8 ±10.9 kg; Body Mass Index 24.1 ± 3.0 kg·m2) participated in the study. All participants performed a RFS and FFS running trial at 8.85 kph. A 3D motion capture system was used to collect kinematic data and electromyography was used to define muscle activity. Two-tailed paired t-tests were used to examine differences in outcomes between RFS and FFS conditions.
RESULTS: The ankle was significantly more plantarflexed during FFS running (p = .0001) but there were no significant differences in knee and hip angles (p = .618 & .200, respectively). There was significantly less activity in tibialis anterior (TA) (p < .0001) and greater activity in the MGas (p= .020) during FFS running. The LGas and soleus did not change activity (p = .437 & .490, respectively).
CONCLUSIONS: FFS running demonstrated lower muscular activity in the TA and increased activation in the MGas.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE: FFS and RFS running have the potential to off-load injury prone tissues by changing between techniques. However, future studies will be necessary to establish more direct mechanistic connections between running technique and injury.
Keywords: Electromyography (EMG); kinematics; neuromuscular adaptation
References
- Br J Sports Med. 2002 Apr;36(2):95-101 - PubMed
- J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2010 Dec;20(6):1023-35 - PubMed
- Hum Mov Sci. 2013 Aug;32(4):753-67 - PubMed
- Gait Posture. 2013 Jul;38(3):490-4 - PubMed
- Br J Sports Med. 2007 Aug;41(8):469-80; discussion 480 - PubMed
- J Neurophysiol. 2005 Sep;94(3):1733-50 - PubMed
- J Sports Med. 1974 Mar-Apr;2(2):81-5 - PubMed
- Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2003 Oct;35(10):1710-9 - PubMed
- Acta Physiol Scand. 1989 Jun;136(2):217-27 - PubMed
- Exp Brain Res. 2012 Mar;217(1):1-5 - PubMed
- J Appl Physiol (1985). 2006 Jan;100(1):163-70 - PubMed
- J Athl Train. 2004 Jan;39(1):77-82 - PubMed
- J Appl Physiol (1985). 2002 Feb;92(2):469-78 - PubMed
- J Biomech. 2000 Feb;33(2):165-72 - PubMed
- Br J Sports Med. 1994 Dec;28(4):256-60 - PubMed
- Eur J Appl Physiol. 2005 Jun;94(3):242-53 - PubMed
- Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2004 Feb;36(2):272-7 - PubMed
- Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1977;301:877-80 - PubMed
- Foot Ankle Int. 2008 Jul;29(7):671-6 - PubMed
- Nature. 2010 Jan 28;463(7280):531-5 - PubMed
- J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2011 Aug;21(4):579-86 - PubMed
- Sports Med. 2013 Dec;43(12):1335-53 - PubMed
- J Biomech. 1995 Sep;28(9):1025-33 - PubMed
- Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2012 Jul;44(7):1325-34 - PubMed
- J Exp Biol. 2007 Sep;210(Pt 17):2949-60 - PubMed
- J Am Podiatr Med Assoc. 2000 Jan;90(1):35-46 - PubMed
- J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1968 May;50(2):383-5 - PubMed
- J Biomech. 1999 Aug;32(8):787-94 - PubMed
- Ann Biomed Eng. 2000 Apr;28(4):463-9 - PubMed
- J Athl Train. 2006 Oct-Dec;41(4):387-92 - PubMed
- Motor Control. 2000 Jul;4(3):259-60 - PubMed
- J Sports Sci. 2005 Jul;23(7):757-64 - PubMed
- Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol. 2002 Dec;133(4):1087-99 - PubMed
- Int J Sports Med. 1986 Jun;7(3):137-43 - PubMed
- J Exp Biol. 2001 Jul;204(Pt 13):2277-87 - PubMed
- Br J Sports Med. 1985 Sep;19(3):132-7 - PubMed
- J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1974 Nov;56-B(4):712-5 - PubMed
- Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2007 May;39(5):822-9 - PubMed
- Int J Sports Phys Ther. 2012 Oct;7(5):525-32 - PubMed
Publication Types