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Kessler EL, Boulaksil M, van Rijen HV, et al. Passive ventricular remodeling in cardiac disease: focus on heterogeneity. Front Physiol. 2014;5:482doi: 10.3389/fphys.2014.00482.
Kessler, E. L., Boulaksil, M., van Rijen, H. V., Vos, M. A., & van Veen, T. A. (2014). Passive ventricular remodeling in cardiac disease: focus on heterogeneity. Frontiers in physiology, 5482. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2014.00482
Kessler, Elise L, et al. "Passive ventricular remodeling in cardiac disease: focus on heterogeneity." Frontiers in physiology vol. 5 (2014): 482. doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2014.00482
Kessler EL, Boulaksil M, van Rijen HV, Vos MA, van Veen TA. Passive ventricular remodeling in cardiac disease: focus on heterogeneity. Front Physiol. 2014 Dec 22;5:482. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2014.00482. eCollection 2014. PMID: 25566084; PMCID: PMC4273631.
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Front Physiol. 2014 Dec 22;5:482. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2014.00482. eCollection 2014.

Passive ventricular remodeling in cardiac disease: focus on heterogeneity.

Frontiers in physiology

Elise L Kessler, Mohamed Boulaksil, Harold V M van Rijen, Marc A Vos, Toon A B van Veen

Affiliations

  1. Division of Heart and Lungs, Department of Medical Physiology, University Medical Center Utrecht Utrecht, Netherlands.
  2. Division of Heart and Lungs, Department of Medical Physiology, University Medical Center Utrecht Utrecht, Netherlands ; Department of Cardiology, Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen, Netherlands.

PMID: 25566084 PMCID: PMC4273631 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2014.00482

Abstract

Passive ventricular remodeling is defined by the process of molecular ventricular adaptation to different forms of cardiac pathophysiology. It includes changes in tissue architecture, such as hypertrophy, fiber disarray, alterations in cell size and fibrosis. Besides that, it also includes molecular remodeling of gap junctions, especially those composed by Connexin43 proteins (Cx43) in the ventricles that affect cell-to-cell propagation of the electrical impulse, and changes in the sodium channels that modify excitability. All those alterations appear mainly in a heterogeneous manner, creating irregular and inhomogeneous electrical and mechanical coupling throughout the heart. This can predispose to reentry arrhythmias and adds to a further deterioration into heart failure. In this review, passive ventricular remodeling is described in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM), Dilated Cardiomyopathy (DCM), Ischemic Cardiomyopathy (ICM), and Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy (ACM), with a main focus on the heterogeneity of those alterations mentioned above.

Keywords: arrhythmias; fibrosis; gap junction; heterogeneity; sodium channel

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