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Long EC, Hahn TP, Shapiro AM. Variation in wing pattern and palatability in a female-limited polymorphic mimicry system. Ecol Evol. 2014;4(23):4543-52doi: 10.1002/ece3.1308.
Long, E. C., Hahn, T. P., & Shapiro, A. M. (2014). Variation in wing pattern and palatability in a female-limited polymorphic mimicry system. Ecology and evolution, 4(23), 4543-52. https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.1308
Long, Elizabeth C, et al. "Variation in wing pattern and palatability in a female-limited polymorphic mimicry system." Ecology and evolution vol. 4,23 (2014): 4543-52. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.1308
Long EC, Hahn TP, Shapiro AM. Variation in wing pattern and palatability in a female-limited polymorphic mimicry system. Ecol Evol. 2014 Dec;4(23):4543-52. doi: 10.1002/ece3.1308. Epub 2014 Nov 20. PMID: 25512850; PMCID: PMC4264903.
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Ecol Evol. 2014 Dec;4(23):4543-52. doi: 10.1002/ece3.1308. Epub 2014 Nov 20.

Variation in wing pattern and palatability in a female-limited polymorphic mimicry system.

Ecology and evolution

Elizabeth C Long, Thomas P Hahn, Arthur M Shapiro

Affiliations

  1. Center for Population Biology, University of California Davis Davis, California ; Entomology Section, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County Los Angeles, California ; UCLA La Kretz Center for California Conservation Science, Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, University of California Los Angeles, California.
  2. Department of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior, University of California Davis Davis, California.
  3. Center for Population Biology, University of California Davis Davis, California ; Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California Davis Davis, California.

PMID: 25512850 PMCID: PMC4264903 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.1308

Abstract

Checkerspot butterflies in the genera Euphydryas and Chlosyne exhibit phenotypic polymorphisms along a well-defined latitudinal and elevational gradient in California. The patterns of phenotypic variation in Euphydryas chalcedona, Chlosyne palla, and Chlosyne hoffmanni suggest a mimetic relationship; in addition, the specific patterns of variation in C. palla suggest a female-limited polymorphic mimicry system (FPM). However, the existence of polymorphic models runs counter to predictions of mimicry theory. Palatability trials were undertaken to assess whether or not the different color morphs of each species were distasteful or toxic to a generalized avian predator, the European starling (Sturnus vulgaris). Results indicate that the black morph of E. chalcedona is distasteful, but not toxic, to predators, while the red morph is palatable. C . hoffmanni and both color morphs of C. palla are palatable to predators. Predators that learn to reject black E. chalcedona also reject black C. palla, suggesting that the latter is a FPM of the former. C. hoffmanni does not appear to be involved in this mimetic relationship.

Keywords: Batesian mimicry; Chlosyne hoffmanni; Chlosyne palla; Euphydryas chalcedona; palatability

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