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Varki N, Anderson D, Herndon JG, et al. Heart disease is common in humans and chimpanzees, but is caused by different pathological processes. Evol Appl. 2009;2(1):101-12doi: 10.1111/j.1752-4571.2008.00064.x.
Varki, N., Anderson, D., Herndon, J. G., Pham, T., Gregg, C. J., Cheriyan, M., Murphy, J., Strobert, E., Fritz, J., Else, J. G., & Varki, A. (2009). Heart disease is common in humans and chimpanzees, but is caused by different pathological processes. Evolutionary applications, 2(1), 101-12. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-4571.2008.00064.x
Varki, Nissi, et al. "Heart disease is common in humans and chimpanzees, but is caused by different pathological processes." Evolutionary applications vol. 2,1 (2009): 101-12. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-4571.2008.00064.x
Varki N, Anderson D, Herndon JG, Pham T, Gregg CJ, Cheriyan M, Murphy J, Strobert E, Fritz J, Else JG, Varki A. Heart disease is common in humans and chimpanzees, but is caused by different pathological processes. Evol Appl. 2009 Feb;2(1):101-12. doi: 10.1111/j.1752-4571.2008.00064.x. PMID: 25567850; PMCID: PMC3352420.
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Evol Appl. 2009 Feb;2(1):101-12. doi: 10.1111/j.1752-4571.2008.00064.x.

Heart disease is common in humans and chimpanzees, but is caused by different pathological processes.

Evolutionary applications

Nissi Varki, Dan Anderson, James G Herndon, Tho Pham, Christopher J Gregg, Monica Cheriyan, James Murphy, Elizabeth Strobert, Jo Fritz, James G Else, Ajit Varki

Affiliations

  1. Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny (CARTA), University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
  2. Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University Atlanta, GA, USA.
  3. Primate Foundation of Arizona Mesa, AZ, USA.

PMID: 25567850 PMCID: PMC3352420 DOI: 10.1111/j.1752-4571.2008.00064.x

Abstract

Heart disease is common in both humans and chimpanzees, manifesting typically as sudden cardiac arrest or progressive heart failure. Surprisingly, although chimpanzees are our closest evolutionary relatives, the major cause of heart disease is different in the two species. Histopathology data of affected chimpanzee hearts from two primate centers, and analysis of literature indicate that sudden death in chimpanzees (and in gorillas and orangutans) is commonly associated with diffuse interstitial myocardial fibrosis of unknown cause. In contrast, most human heart disease results from coronary artery atherosclerosis, which occludes myocardial blood supply, causing ischemic damage. The typical myocardial infarction of humans due to coronary artery thrombosis is rare in these apes, despite their human-like coronary-risk-prone blood lipid profiles. Instead, chimpanzee 'heart attacks' are likely due to arrythmias triggered by myocardial fibrosis. Why do humans not often suffer from the fibrotic heart disease so common in our closest evolutionary cousins? Conversely, why do chimpanzees not have the kind of heart disease so common in humans? The answers could be of value to medical care, as well as to understanding human evolution. A preliminary attempt is made to explore possibilities at the histological level, with a focus on glycosylation changes.

Keywords: atherosclerosis; evolution; great ape; heart attacks; heart disease; heart failure; hominids; myocardial fibrosis

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