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Beck KD, Jiao X, Smith IM, et al. ITI-Signals and Prelimbic Cortex Facilitate Avoidance Acquisition and Reduce Avoidance Latencies, Respectively, in Male WKY Rats. Front Behav Neurosci. 2014;8:403doi: 10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00403.
Beck, K. D., Jiao, X., Smith, I. M., Myers, C. E., Pang, K. C., & Servatius, R. J. (2014). ITI-Signals and Prelimbic Cortex Facilitate Avoidance Acquisition and Reduce Avoidance Latencies, Respectively, in Male WKY Rats. Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience, 8403. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00403
Beck, Kevin D, et al. "ITI-Signals and Prelimbic Cortex Facilitate Avoidance Acquisition and Reduce Avoidance Latencies, Respectively, in Male WKY Rats." Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience vol. 8 (2014): 403. doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00403
Beck KD, Jiao X, Smith IM, Myers CE, Pang KC, Servatius RJ. ITI-Signals and Prelimbic Cortex Facilitate Avoidance Acquisition and Reduce Avoidance Latencies, Respectively, in Male WKY Rats. Front Behav Neurosci. 2014 Nov 21;8:403. doi: 10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00403. eCollection 2014. PMID: 25484860; PMCID: PMC4240176.
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Front Behav Neurosci. 2014 Nov 21;8:403. doi: 10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00403. eCollection 2014.

ITI-Signals and Prelimbic Cortex Facilitate Avoidance Acquisition and Reduce Avoidance Latencies, Respectively, in Male WKY Rats.

Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience

Kevin D Beck, Xilu Jiao, Ian M Smith, Catherine E Myers, Kevin C H Pang, Richard J Servatius

Affiliations

  1. Neurobehavioral Research Laboratory, VA New Jersey Health Care System , East Orange, NJ , USA ; Stress and Motivated Behavior Institute, Rutgers - New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Rutgers - The State University of New Jersey , East Orange, NJ , USA ; Department of Neurology and Neurosciences, Rutgers - New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Rutgers - The State University of New Jersey , Newark, NJ , USA.
  2. Neurobehavioral Research Laboratory, VA New Jersey Health Care System , East Orange, NJ , USA ; Stress and Motivated Behavior Institute, Rutgers - New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Rutgers - The State University of New Jersey , East Orange, NJ , USA ; Veterans Biomedical Research Institute , East Orange, NJ , USA.
  3. Neurobehavioral Research Laboratory, VA New Jersey Health Care System , East Orange, NJ , USA ; Veterans Biomedical Research Institute , East Orange, NJ , USA.

PMID: 25484860 PMCID: PMC4240176 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00403

Abstract

As a model of anxiety disorder vulnerability, male Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats acquire lever-press avoidance behavior more readily than outbred Sprague-Dawley rats, and their acquisition is enhanced by the presence of a discrete signal presented during the inter-trial intervals (ITIs), suggesting that it is perceived as a safety signal. A series of experiments were conducted to determine if this is the case. Additional experiments investigated if the avoidance facilitation relies upon processing through medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). The results suggest that the ITI-signal facilitates acquisition during the early stages of the avoidance acquisition process, when the rats are initially acquiring escape behavior and then transitioning to avoidance behavior. Post-avoidance introduction of the visual ITI-signal into other associative learning tasks failed to confirm that the visual stimulus had acquired the properties of a conditioned inhibitor. Shortening the signal from the entirety of the 3 min ITI to only the first 5 s of the 3 min ITI slowed acquisition during the first four sessions, suggesting the flashing light (FL) is not functioning as a feedback signal. The prelimbic (PL) cortex showed greater activation during the period of training when the transition from escape responding to avoidance responding occurs. Only combined PL + infralimbic cortex lesions modestly slowed avoidance acquisition, but PL-cortex lesions slowed avoidance response latencies. Thus, the FL ITI-signal is not likely perceived as a safety signal nor is it serving as a feedback signal. The functional role of the PL-cortex appears to be to increase the drive toward responding to the threat of the warning signal. Hence, avoidance susceptibility displayed by male WKY rats may be driven, in part, both by external stimuli (ITI signal) as well as by enhanced threat recognition to the warning signal via the PL cortex.

Keywords: anxiety vulnerability; conditioned inhibitor; infralimbic cortex; lever-press avoidance; prelimbic cortex; safety signals

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