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Bialo SR, Agrawal S, Boney CM, et al. Rare complications of pediatric diabetic ketoacidosis. World J Diabetes. 2015;6(1):167-74doi: 10.4239/wjd.v6.i1.167.
Bialo, S. R., Agrawal, S., Boney, C. M., & Quintos, J. B. (2015). Rare complications of pediatric diabetic ketoacidosis. World journal of diabetes, 6(1), 167-74. https://doi.org/10.4239/wjd.v6.i1.167
Bialo, Shara R, et al. "Rare complications of pediatric diabetic ketoacidosis." World journal of diabetes vol. 6,1 (2015): 167-74. doi: https://doi.org/10.4239/wjd.v6.i1.167
Bialo SR, Agrawal S, Boney CM, Quintos JB. Rare complications of pediatric diabetic ketoacidosis. World J Diabetes. 2015 Feb 15;6(1):167-74. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v6.i1.167. PMID: 25685287; PMCID: PMC4317308.
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World J Diabetes. 2015 Feb 15;6(1):167-74. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v6.i1.167.

Rare complications of pediatric diabetic ketoacidosis.

World journal of diabetes

Shara R Bialo, Sungeeta Agrawal, Charlotte M Boney, Jose Bernardo Quintos

Affiliations

  1. Shara R Bialo, Sungeeta Agrawal, Charlotte M Boney, Jose Bernardo Quintos, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology of Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, United States.

PMID: 25685287 PMCID: PMC4317308 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v6.i1.167

Abstract

The incidence of type 1 diabetes (T1D) among youth is steadily increasing across the world. Up to a third of pediatric patients with T1D present with diabetic ketoacidosis, a diagnosis that continues to be the leading cause of death in this population. Cerebral edema is the most common rare complication of diabetic ketoacidosis in children. Accordingly, treatment and outcome measures of cerebral edema are vastly researched and the pathophysiology is recently the subject of much debate. Nevertheless, cerebral edema is not the only sequela of diabetic ketoacidosis that warrants close monitoring. The medical literature details various other complications in children with diabetic ketoacidosis, including hypercoagulability leading to stroke and deep vein thrombosis, rhabdomyolysis, pulmonary and gastrointestinal complications, and long-term memory dysfunction. We review the pathophysiology, reported cases, management, and outcomes of each of these rare complications in children. As the incidence of T1D continues to rise, practitioners will care for an increasing number of pediatric patients with diabetic ketoacidosis and should be aware of the various systems that may be affected in both the acute and chronic setting.

Keywords: Complications; Diabetic ketoacidosis; Pediatric; Review; Type 1 diabetes

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