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Yan CM, McBride-Chang C, Wagner RK, et al. Writing Quality in Chinese Children: Speed and Fluency Matter. Read Writ. 2012;25(7):1499-1521doi: 10.1007/s11145-011-9330-y.
Yan, C. M., McBride-Chang, C., Wagner, R. K., Zhang, J., Wong, A. M., & Shu, H. (2012). Writing Quality in Chinese Children: Speed and Fluency Matter. Reading and writing, 25(7), 1499-1521. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11145-011-9330-y
Yan, Cathy Ming Wai, et al. "Writing Quality in Chinese Children: Speed and Fluency Matter." Reading and writing vol. 25,7 (2012): 1499-1521. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11145-011-9330-y
Yan CM, McBride-Chang C, Wagner RK, Zhang J, Wong AM, Shu H. Writing Quality in Chinese Children: Speed and Fluency Matter. Read Writ. 2012 Aug 01;25(7):1499-1521. doi: 10.1007/s11145-011-9330-y. PMID: 25750486; PMCID: PMC4350372.
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Read Writ. 2012 Aug 01;25(7):1499-1521. doi: 10.1007/s11145-011-9330-y.

Writing Quality in Chinese Children: Speed and Fluency Matter.

Reading and writing

Cathy Ming Wai Yan, Catherine McBride-Chang, Richard K Wagner, Juan Zhang, Anita M Y Wong, Hua Shu

Affiliations

  1. The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Florida State University, University of Hong Kong, Beijing Normal University.

PMID: 25750486 PMCID: PMC4350372 DOI: 10.1007/s11145-011-9330-y

Abstract

There were two goals of the present study. The first was to create a scoring scheme by which 9-year-old Chinese children's writing compositions could be rated to form a total score for writing quality. The second was to examine cognitive correlates of writing quality at age 9 from measures administered at ages 6-9. Age 9 writing compositions were scored using a 7-element rubric; following confirmatory factor analyses, 5 of these elements were retained to represent overall writing quality for subsequent analyses. Measures of vocabulary knowledge, Chinese word dictation, phonological awareness, speed of processing, speeded naming, and handwriting fluency at ages 6-9 were all significantly associated with the obtained overall writing quality measure even when the statistical effect of age was removed. With vocabulary knowledge, dictation skill, age, gender, and phonological awareness included in a regression equation, 35% of the variance in age 9 writing quality was explained. With the variables of speed of processing, speeded naming, and handwriting fluency additionally included as a block, 12% additional variance in the equation was explained. In addition to gender, overall unique correlates of writing quality were dictation, speed of processing, and handwriting fluency, underscoring the importance of both general automaticity and specific writing fluency for writing quality development in children.

Keywords: Dictation; Longitudinal study; Phonological awareness; Writing quality

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