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Kim SP, Nam SH, Friedman M. The Tomato Glycoalkaloid α-Tomatine Induces Caspase-Independent Cell Death in Mouse Colon Cancer CT-26 Cells and Transplanted Tumors in Mice. J Agric Food Chem. 2015;63(4):1142-1150doi: 10.1021/jf5040288.
Kim, S. P., Nam, S. H., & Friedman, M. (2015). The Tomato Glycoalkaloid α-Tomatine Induces Caspase-Independent Cell Death in Mouse Colon Cancer CT-26 Cells and Transplanted Tumors in Mice. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 63(4), 1142-1150. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf5040288
Kim, Sung Phil, et al. "The Tomato Glycoalkaloid α-Tomatine Induces Caspase-Independent Cell Death in Mouse Colon Cancer CT-26 Cells and Transplanted Tumors in Mice." Journal of agricultural and food chemistry vol. 63,4 (2015): 1142-1150. doi: https://doi.org/10.1021/jf5040288
Kim SP, Nam SH, Friedman M. The Tomato Glycoalkaloid α-Tomatine Induces Caspase-Independent Cell Death in Mouse Colon Cancer CT-26 Cells and Transplanted Tumors in Mice. J Agric Food Chem. 2015 Feb 04;63(4):1142-1150. doi: 10.1021/jf5040288. Epub 2015 Jan 23. PMID: 25614934.
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J Agric Food Chem. 2015 Feb 04;63(4):1142-1150. doi: 10.1021/jf5040288. Epub 2015 Jan 23.

The Tomato Glycoalkaloid α-Tomatine Induces Caspase-Independent Cell Death in Mouse Colon Cancer CT-26 Cells and Transplanted Tumors in Mice.

Journal of agricultural and food chemistry

Sung Phil Kim, Seok Hyun Nam, Mendel Friedman

Affiliations

  1. Department of Biological Science, Ajou University , Suwon 443-749, Republic of Korea.
  2. Western Regional Research Center , Agricultural Research Service, U.S Department of Agriculture, Albany, California 94710, United States.

PMID: 25614934 DOI: 10.1021/jf5040288

Abstract

Tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum) produce the bioactive glycoalkaloid α-tomatine. This study determined the effect of commercial α-tomatine on CT-26 colon cancer cells in vitro and in vivo in an intracutaneously transplanted mouse tumor. Cytotoxicity experiments showed that α-tomatine induces about 50% lysis of the colon cancer cells at 3.5 μM after 24 h of treatment. Large proportions of cells were found to be in the annexin V (+)/propidium iodide (+) phase of cell death, implying late phase apoptotic/necrotic status. However, α-tomatine induced cell death in CT-26 cancer cells through caspase-independent signaling pathways. This conclusion was supported by Western blot analysis showing a localization of apoptosis-inducing mitochondrial protein (AIF) to the nucleus and down-regulation of survivin (an inhibitor of apoptosis) expression as well as failure to detect the active form of caspase-3, -8, and -9 produced by proteolytic cleavage in CT-26 cancer cells. Intraperitoneally administered α-tomatine (5 mg/kg body weight) also markedly inhibited growth of the tumor using CT-26 cancer cells without causing body and organ weight changes. The reduced tumor growth in the mice by 38% after 2 weeks was the result of increased caspase-independent apoptosis associated with increased nuclear translocation of AIF and decreased survivin expression in tumor tissues. α-Tomatine in pure form and in tomatine-rich green tomatoes might prevent colon cancer.

Keywords: CT-26 colon cancer cells; body and organ weights; mechanism; mouse tumor inhibition; research needs; tomatoes; α-tomatine

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