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Marras S, Killen SS, Lindström J, et al. Fish swimming in schools save energy regardless of their spatial position. Behav Ecol Sociobiol. 2014;69:219-226doi: 10.1007/s00265-014-1834-4.
Marras, S., Killen, S. S., Lindström, J., McKenzie, D. J., Steffensen, J. F., & Domenici, P. (2015). Fish swimming in schools save energy regardless of their spatial position. Behavioral ecology and sociobiology, 69219-226. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00265-014-1834-4
Marras, Stefano, et al. "Fish swimming in schools save energy regardless of their spatial position." Behavioral ecology and sociobiology vol. 69 (2015): 219-226. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00265-014-1834-4
Marras S, Killen SS, Lindström J, McKenzie DJ, Steffensen JF, Domenici P. Fish swimming in schools save energy regardless of their spatial position. Behav Ecol Sociobiol. 2015;69:219-226. doi: 10.1007/s00265-014-1834-4. Epub 2014 Oct 30. PMID: 25620833; PMCID: PMC4293471.
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Behav Ecol Sociobiol. 2015;69:219-226. doi: 10.1007/s00265-014-1834-4. Epub 2014 Oct 30.

Fish swimming in schools save energy regardless of their spatial position.

Behavioral ecology and sociobiology

Stefano Marras, Shaun S Killen, Jan Lindström, David J McKenzie, John F Steffensen, Paolo Domenici

Affiliations

  1. IAMC-CNR, Institute for the Coastal Marine Environment, National Research Council, Localita' Sa Mardini, 09170 Torregrande, Oristano Italy.
  2. Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Graham Kerr Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ Scotland UK.
  3. Ecologie des Systèmes Marins Côtiers, UMR5119, Université Montpellier 2, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier cedex 5, France.
  4. Marine Biological Laboratory, University of Copenhagen, Strandpromenaden 5, 3000 Helsingør, Denmark.

PMID: 25620833 PMCID: PMC4293471 DOI: 10.1007/s00265-014-1834-4

Abstract

For animals, being a member of a group provides various advantages, such as reduced vulnerability to predators, increased foraging opportunities and reduced energetic costs of locomotion. In moving groups such as fish schools, there are benefits of group membership for trailing individuals, who can reduce the cost of movement by exploiting the flow patterns generated by the individuals swimming ahead of them. However, whether positions relative to the closest neighbours (e.g. ahead, sided by side or behind) modulate the individual energetic cost of swimming is still unknown. Here, we addressed these questions in grey mullet

Keywords: Collective behaviour; Ecophysiology; Energetics; Hydrodynamics

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