Front Immunol. 2015 Mar 17;6:99. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00099. eCollection 2015.
Frontiers in immunology
George Ramsay, Doreen Cantrell
PMID: 25852681 PMCID: PMC4362047 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00099
The T lymphocyte response to pathogens is shaped by the microenvironment. Environmental sensors in T cells include the nutrient-sensing serine/threonine kinases, adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase and mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1. Other environmental sensors are transcription factors such as hypoxia-inducible factor-1 and the aryl hydrocarbon receptor. The present review explores the molecular basis for the impact of environmental signals on the differentiation of conventional T cell receptor αβ T cells and how the T cell response to immune stimuli can coordinate the T cell response to environmental cues.
Keywords: T cell metabolism; amino acid uptake; aryl hydrocarbon; glucose uptake; hypoxia; leucine and mTOR; microbiome