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Brignone MS, Lanciotti A, Camerini S, et al. MLC1 protein: a likely link between leukodystrophies and brain channelopathies. Front Cell Neurosci. 2015;9:66doi: 10.3389/fncel.2015.00106.
Brignone, M. S., Lanciotti, A., Camerini, S., De Nuccio, C., Petrucci, T. C., Visentin, S., & Ambrosini, E. (2015). MLC1 protein: a likely link between leukodystrophies and brain channelopathies. Frontiers in cellular neuroscience, 966. https://doi.org/10.3389/fncel.2015.00106
Brignone, Maria S, et al. "MLC1 protein: a likely link between leukodystrophies and brain channelopathies." Frontiers in cellular neuroscience vol. 9 (2015): 66. doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fncel.2015.00106
Brignone MS, Lanciotti A, Camerini S, De Nuccio C, Petrucci TC, Visentin S, Ambrosini E. MLC1 protein: a likely link between leukodystrophies and brain channelopathies. Front Cell Neurosci. 2015 Apr 01;9:66. doi: 10.3389/fncel.2015.00106. eCollection 2015. PMID: 25883547; PMCID: PMC4381631.
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Front Cell Neurosci. 2015 Apr 01;9:66. doi: 10.3389/fncel.2015.00106. eCollection 2015.

MLC1 protein: a likely link between leukodystrophies and brain channelopathies.

Frontiers in cellular neuroscience

Maria S Brignone, Angela Lanciotti, Serena Camerini, Chiara De Nuccio, Tamara C Petrucci, Sergio Visentin, Elena Ambrosini

Affiliations

  1. Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Istituto Superiore di Sanità Rome, Italy.

PMID: 25883547 PMCID: PMC4381631 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2015.00106

Abstract

Megalencephalic leukoencephalopathy with subcortical cysts (MLCs) disease is a rare inherited, autosomal recessive form of childhood-onset spongiform leukodystrophy characterized by macrocephaly, deterioration of motor functions, epileptic seizures and mental decline. Brain edema, subcortical fluid cysts, myelin and astrocyte vacuolation are the histopathological hallmarks of MLC. Mutations in either the MLC1 gene (>75% of patients) or the GlialCAM gene (<20% of patients) are responsible for the disease. Recently, the GlialCAM adhesion protein was found essential for the membrane expression and function of the chloride channel ClC-2 indicating MLC disease caused by mutation in GlialCAM as the first channelopathy among leukodystrophies. On the contrary, the function of MLC1 protein, which binds GlialCAM, its functional relationship with ClC-2 and the molecular mechanisms underlying MLC1 mutation-induced functional defects are not fully understood yet. The human MLC1 gene encodes a 377-amino acid membrane protein with eight predicted transmembrane domains which shows very low homology with voltage-dependent potassium (K(+)) channel subunits. The high expression of MLC1 in brain astrocytes contacting blood vessels and meninges and brain alterations observed in MLC patients have led to hypothesize a role for MLC1 in the regulation of ion and water homeostasis. Recent studies have shown that MLC1 establishes structural and/or functional interactions with several ion/water channels and transporters and ion channel accessory proteins, and that these interactions are affected by MLC1 mutations causing MLC. Here, we review data on MLC1 functional properties obtained in in vitro and in vivo models and discuss evidence linking the effects of MLC1 mutations to brain channelopathies.

Keywords: astrocytes; brain edema; calcium; chloride ions; myelin vacuolation; potassium

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