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Krishnasamy V, Otte J, Silbergeld E. Antimicrobial use in Chinese swine and broiler poultry production. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control. 2015;4:17doi: 10.1186/s13756-015-0050-y.
Krishnasamy, V., Otte, J., & Silbergeld, E. (2015). Antimicrobial use in Chinese swine and broiler poultry production. Antimicrobial resistance and infection control, 417. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13756-015-0050-y
Krishnasamy, Vikram, et al. "Antimicrobial use in Chinese swine and broiler poultry production." Antimicrobial resistance and infection control vol. 4 (2015): 17. doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13756-015-0050-y
Krishnasamy V, Otte J, Silbergeld E. Antimicrobial use in Chinese swine and broiler poultry production. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control. 2015 Apr 28;4:17. doi: 10.1186/s13756-015-0050-y. eCollection 2015. PMID: 25922664; PMCID: PMC4412119.
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Antimicrob Resist Infect Control. 2015 Apr 28;4:17. doi: 10.1186/s13756-015-0050-y. eCollection 2015.

Antimicrobial use in Chinese swine and broiler poultry production.

Antimicrobial resistance and infection control

Vikram Krishnasamy, Joachim Otte, Ellen Silbergeld

Affiliations

  1. Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Room WB602, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA.
  2. Food and Agriculture Organization, Room C-510, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, Rome, 00153 Italy.
  3. Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Room E6644, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA.

PMID: 25922664 PMCID: PMC4412119 DOI: 10.1186/s13756-015-0050-y

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Antimicrobial use for growth promotion in food animal production is now widespread. A major concern is the rise of antimicrobial resistance and the subsequent impact on human health. The antimicrobials of concern are used in concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs) which are responsible for almost all meat production including swine and poultry in the US. With global meat consumption rising, the CAFO model has been adopted elsewhere to meet this demand. One such country where this has occurred is China, and evidence suggests 70% of poultry production now occurs outside of traditional small farms. Moreover, China is now the largest aggregate consumer of meat products in the world. With this rapid rise in consumption, the Chinese production model has changed along with the use of antimicrobials in feeds. However, the specific antibiotic use in the Chinese food animal production sector is unclear. Additionally, we are aware of high quantities of antimicrobial use because of reports of high concentrations of antimicrobials in animal waste and surface waters surrounding animal feeding operations.

METHODS: In this report, we estimate the volume of antibiotics used for swine and poultry production as these are the two meat sources with the highest levels of production and consumption in China. We adopt a model developed by Mellon et al. in the US for estimating drug use in feed for poultry and swine production to estimate overall antimicrobial use as well as antimicrobial use by class.

RESULTS: We calculate that 38.5 million kg [84.9 million lbs] were used in 2012 in China's production of swine and poultry. By antibiotic class, the highest weights are tetracyclines in swine and coccidiostats in poultry.

CONCLUSIONS: The volume of antimicrobial use is alarming. Although there are limitations to these data, we hope our report will stimulate further analysis and a sense of urgency in assessing the consequences of such high levels of utilization in terms of antibiotic resistance in the food supply and the environment.

Keywords: Agriculture; Animals; Anti-bacterial agents; China; Food supply; Microbial drug resistance; Poultry; Swine

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