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Levy N, Douglas T, Kahane G, et al. Are You Morally Modified?: The Moral Effects of Widely Used Pharmaceuticals. Philos Psychiatr Psychol. 2014;21(2):111-125doi: 10.1353/ppp.2014.0023.
Levy, N., Douglas, T., Kahane, G., Terbeck, S., Cowen, P. J., Hewstone, M., & Savulescu, J. (2014). Are You Morally Modified?: The Moral Effects of Widely Used Pharmaceuticals. Philosophy, psychiatry, & psychology : PPP, 21(2), 111-125. https://doi.org/10.1353/ppp.2014.0023
Levy, Neil, et al. "Are You Morally Modified?: The Moral Effects of Widely Used Pharmaceuticals." Philosophy, psychiatry, & psychology : PPP vol. 21,2 (2014): 111-125. doi: https://doi.org/10.1353/ppp.2014.0023
Levy N, Douglas T, Kahane G, Terbeck S, Cowen PJ, Hewstone M, Savulescu J. Are You Morally Modified?: The Moral Effects of Widely Used Pharmaceuticals. Philos Psychiatr Psychol. 2014 Jun 01;21(2):111-125. doi: 10.1353/ppp.2014.0023. PMID: 25892904; PMCID: PMC4398979.
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Philos Psychiatr Psychol. 2014 Jun 01;21(2):111-125. doi: 10.1353/ppp.2014.0023.

Are You Morally Modified?: The Moral Effects of Widely Used Pharmaceuticals.

Philosophy, psychiatry, & psychology : PPP

Neil Levy, Thomas Douglas, Guy Kahane, Sylvia Terbeck, Philip J Cowen, Miles Hewstone, Julian Savulescu

PMID: 25892904 PMCID: PMC4398979 DOI: 10.1353/ppp.2014.0023

Abstract

A number of concerns have been raised about the possible future use of pharmaceuticals designed to enhance cognitive, affective, and motivational processes, particularly where the aim is to produce morally better decisions or behavior. In this article, we draw attention to what is arguably a more worrying possibility: that pharmaceuticals currently in widespread therapeutic use are already having unintended effects on these processes, and thus on moral decision making and morally significant behavior. We review current evidence on the moral effects of three widely used drugs or drug types: (i) propranolol, (ii) selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, and (iii) drugs that effect oxytocin physiology. This evidence suggests that the alterations to moral decision making and behavior caused by these agents may have important and difficult-to-evaluate consequences, at least at the population level. We argue that the moral effects of these and other widely used pharmaceuticals warrant further empirical research and ethical analysis.

Keywords: moral decision making; moral enhancement; moral judgment; moral psychology; oxytocin; propranolol; selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors

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