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Fathi M, Nikzamir AR, Esteghamati A, et al. Combination of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Insertion/Deletion (I/D) (rs4646994) and VEGF Polymorphism (+405G/C; rs2010963) Synergistically Associated With the Development, of Albuminuria in Iranian Patients With Type 2 Diabetes. Iran Red Crescent Med J. 2015;17(2):e19469doi: 10.5812/ircmj.19469.
Fathi, M., Nikzamir, A. R., Esteghamati, A., Nakhjavani, M., & Yekaninejad, M. S. (2015). Combination of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Insertion/Deletion (I/D) (rs4646994) and VEGF Polymorphism (+405G/C; rs2010963) Synergistically Associated With the Development, of Albuminuria in Iranian Patients With Type 2 Diabetes. Iranian Red Crescent medical journal, 17(2), e19469. https://doi.org/10.5812/ircmj.19469
Fathi, Mohammad, et al. "Combination of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Insertion/Deletion (I/D) (rs4646994) and VEGF Polymorphism (+405G/C; rs2010963) Synergistically Associated With the Development, of Albuminuria in Iranian Patients With Type 2 Diabetes." Iranian Red Crescent medical journal vol. 17,2 (2015): e19469. doi: https://doi.org/10.5812/ircmj.19469
Fathi M, Nikzamir AR, Esteghamati A, Nakhjavani M, Yekaninejad MS. Combination of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Insertion/Deletion (I/D) (rs4646994) and VEGF Polymorphism (+405G/C; rs2010963) Synergistically Associated With the Development, of Albuminuria in Iranian Patients With Type 2 Diabetes. Iran Red Crescent Med J. 2015 Feb 21;17(2):e19469. doi: 10.5812/ircmj.19469. eCollection 2015 Feb. PMID: 25834741; PMCID: PMC4376980.
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Iran Red Crescent Med J. 2015 Feb 21;17(2):e19469. doi: 10.5812/ircmj.19469. eCollection 2015 Feb.

Combination of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Insertion/Deletion (I/D) (rs4646994) and VEGF Polymorphism (+405G/C; rs2010963) Synergistically Associated With the Development, of Albuminuria in Iranian Patients With Type 2 Diabetes.

Iranian Red Crescent medical journal

Mohammad Fathi, Abdol Rahim Nikzamir, Alireza Esteghamati, Manouchehr Nakhjavani, Mir Saeed Yekaninejad

Affiliations

  1. Department of Anesthesiology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran.
  2. Department of Biochemistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran ; Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center (EMRC), Vali-e-Asr Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran.
  3. Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center (EMRC), Vali-e-Asr Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran.
  4. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran.

PMID: 25834741 PMCID: PMC4376980 DOI: 10.5812/ircmj.19469

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) insertion/deletion (I/D) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) polymorphisms have been shown to associate with diabetic nephropathy (DN).

OBJECTIVES: We examined the hypothesis that ACE-D and VEGF-G alleles act synergistically in association with DN, in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

PATIENTS AND METHODS: The VEGF (rs2010963) and ACE (rs4646994) genotypes were detected by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) in 490 T2DM patients. Diabetic patients were classified as T2DM patients with and without albuminuria (control). The PCR and RFLP were used to detect the VEGF and ACE alleles.

RESULTS: A total of 255 consecutive patients with T2DM and microalbuminuria (Group A) and 235 patients with T2DM and normoalbuminuria (Group B) were included in the study. In univariate analysis, the groups were statistically similar for all variables, except for glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) (P = 0.034), and the frequency of ACE (P = 0.015) and VEGF (P = 0.006) genotypes. Our study showed that the VEGF-G and ACE-D alleles are independently associated with the development of nephropathy. According to our data, the combination of these two risk factors had a significant synergistic effect on the risk of microalbuminuria development.

CONCLUSIONS: Our study indicated that ACE-D and VEGF-G alleles can be an independent risk factor for microalbominuria in T2DM patients.

Keywords: Albuminuria; Diabetes Mellitus; Genetic Polymorphism; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor

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