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Sankin A, Hakimi AA, Hsieh JJ, et al. Metastatic non-clear cell renal cell carcinoma: an evidence based review of current treatment strategies. Front Oncol. 2015;5:67doi: 10.3389/fonc.2015.00067.
Sankin, A., Hakimi, A. A., Hsieh, J. J., & Molina, A. M. (2015). Metastatic non-clear cell renal cell carcinoma: an evidence based review of current treatment strategies. Frontiers in oncology, 567. https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2015.00067
Sankin, Alexander, et al. "Metastatic non-clear cell renal cell carcinoma: an evidence based review of current treatment strategies." Frontiers in oncology vol. 5 (2015): 67. doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2015.00067
Sankin A, Hakimi AA, Hsieh JJ, Molina AM. Metastatic non-clear cell renal cell carcinoma: an evidence based review of current treatment strategies. Front Oncol. 2015 Apr 08;5:67. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2015.00067. eCollection 2015. PMID: 25905038; PMCID: PMC4389537.
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Front Oncol. 2015 Apr 08;5:67. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2015.00067. eCollection 2015.

Metastatic non-clear cell renal cell carcinoma: an evidence based review of current treatment strategies.

Frontiers in oncology

Alexander Sankin, A Ari Hakimi, James J Hsieh, Ana M Molina

Affiliations

  1. Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center , New York, NY , USA.
  2. Weill Cornell Medical College , New York, NY , USA.

PMID: 25905038 PMCID: PMC4389537 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2015.00067

Abstract

Much progress has been made in the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) over the last decade, with the development of agents that block the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pathway or the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway. The incorporation of these agents into treatment algorithms has been the result of carefully conducted clinical trials leading to Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval and subsequent adoption as the current standard of care. These trials, however, were dominated by patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), and little data are currently available on the treatment of non-clear cell renal cell carcinoma (nccRCC). nccRCC encompasses a biologically heterogeneous group of kidney tumors that portend very diverse prognoses and responses to therapy. This review is a pathway based approach that highlights the current systemic treatment strategies for metastatic nccRCC.

Keywords: metastatic; non-clear cell; renal cell carcinoma; targeted agents; treatment

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