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Ladeiras-Lopes R, Agewall S, Tawakol A, et al. Atherosclerosis: Recent trials, new targets and future directions. Int J Cardiol. 2015;192:72-81doi: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.05.013.
Ladeiras-Lopes, R., Agewall, S., Tawakol, A., Staels, B., Stein, E., Mentz, R. J., Leite-Moreira, A., Zannad, F., & Koenig, W. (2015). Atherosclerosis: Recent trials, new targets and future directions. International journal of cardiology, 19272-81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.05.013
Ladeiras-Lopes, Ricardo, et al. "Atherosclerosis: Recent trials, new targets and future directions." International journal of cardiology vol. 192 (2015): 72-81. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.05.013
Ladeiras-Lopes R, Agewall S, Tawakol A, Staels B, Stein E, Mentz RJ, Leite-Moreira A, Zannad F, Koenig W. Atherosclerosis: Recent trials, new targets and future directions. Int J Cardiol. 2015 Aug 01;192:72-81. doi: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.05.013. Epub 2015 May 08. PMID: 26002254.
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Int J Cardiol. 2015 Aug 01;192:72-81. doi: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.05.013. Epub 2015 May 08.

Atherosclerosis: Recent trials, new targets and future directions.

International journal of cardiology

Ricardo Ladeiras-Lopes, Stefan Agewall, Ahmed Tawakol, Bart Staels, Evan Stein, Robert J Mentz, Adelino Leite-Moreira, Faiez Zannad, Wolfgang Koenig

Affiliations

  1. Department of Physiology and Cardiothoracic Surgery, Cardiovascular Research and Development Centre, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Department of Cardiology, Gaia/Espinho Hospital Centre, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal. Electronic address: [email protected].
  2. Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
  3. Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Cardiology Division, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
  4. INSERM UMR1011, Univ. Lille 2, Institut Pasteur de Lille, EGID, Lille, France.
  5. Metabolic and Atherosclerosis Research Centre, Cincinatti, OH, USA.
  6. Duke Clinical Research Institute and the Division of Cardiology, Duke University Hospital, Durham, NC, USA.
  7. Department of Physiology and Cardiothoracic Surgery, Cardiovascular Research and Development Centre, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
  8. INSERM, Centre d'Investigation Clinique-9501, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France.
  9. Department of Internal Medicine II - Cardiology, University of Ulm Medical Center, Ulm, Germany; Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität München, Munich Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany. Electronic address: [email protected].

PMID: 26002254 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.05.013

Abstract

Mortality from cardiovascular diseases (CVD) represents the primary cause of death worldwide. Prevention or treatment of atherosclerosis and its clinical sequelae is a central goal in the management of patients with established vascular disease or those at high-risk for vascular events. This paper provides a review of the contemporary pharmacological armamentarium targeting atherosclerosis and also highlights strategies to support future clinical trial design. Powering future trials targeting LDL-cholesterol to its absolute reduction and including patients with a higher LDL-C despite optimal medical therapy (or unable to tolerate statins) will increase the odds of meaningful results. Mendelian randomization studies may identify new causal risk factors for CVD that would help in the selection of the patients most likely to benefit from a specific new compound. Furthermore, imaging techniques integrating a morphological and functional assessment such as IVUS, OCT, PET/CT and PET/MRI may represent in a near future robust "soft" endpoints to support successful translation of early research into meaningful phase III clinical outcome trials.

Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Atherosclerosis; Clinical research; Pharmacology

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