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EJNMMI Res. 2015 Apr 30;5:29. doi: 10.1186/s13550-015-0109-z. eCollection 2015.

Differentiation of malignant tumours from granulomas by using dynamic [(18)F]-fluoro-L-α-methyltyrosine positron emission tomography.

EJNMMI research

Aiko Yamaguchi, Hirofumi Hanaoka, Yutaka Fujisawa, Songji Zhao, Kazutomo Suzue, Akihiro Morita, Hideyuki Tominaga, Tetsuya Higuchi, Hajime Hisaeda, Yoshito Tsushima, Yuji Kuge, Yasuhiko Iida

Affiliations

  1. Department of Bioimaging Information Analysis, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Japan.
  2. Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suzuka University of Medical Science, 3500-3 Minamitamagaki-Cho, Suzuka, Mie 510-8760 Japan.
  3. Department of Tracer Kinetics & Bioanalysis, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, 5 Chome Kita 8 J?nishi, Sapporo, Japan ; Department of Molecular Imaging, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, 5 Chome Kita 8 J?nishi, Sapporo, Japan.
  4. Department of Parasitology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Japan.
  5. Advanced Clinical Research Center, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikariga-oka, Fukushima, Japan.
  6. Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Japan.
  7. Department of Integrated Molecular Imaging, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, 5 Chome Kita 8 J?nishi, Sapporo, Japan ; Central Institute of Isotope Science, Hokkaido University, 5 Chome Kita 8 J?nishi, Sapporo, Japan.
  8. Department of Bioimaging Information Analysis, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Japan ; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suzuka University of Medical Science, 3500-3 Minamitamagaki-Cho, Suzuka, Mie 510-8760 Japan.

PMID: 25977883 PMCID: PMC4420762 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-015-0109-z

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Previous clinical studies have revealed the potential of [(18)F]-fluoro-L-α-methyltyrosine ((18)F-FAMT) for the differential diagnosis of malignant tumours from sarcoidosis. However, one concern regarding the differential diagnosis with (18)F-FAMT is the possibility of false negatives given the small absolute uptake of (18)F-FAMT that has been observed in some malignant tumours. The aim of this study was to evaluate a usefulness of dynamic (18)F-FAMT positron emission tomography (PET) for differentiating malignant tumours from granulomas.

METHODS: Rats bearing both granulomas (Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG)-induced) and tumours (C6 glioma cell-induced) underwent dynamic 2-deoxy-2-[(18)F]-fluoro-D-glucose ((18)F-FDG) PET and (18)F-FAMT PET for 120 min on consecutive days. Time-activity curves, static images, mean standardized uptake values (SUVs) and the SUV ratios (SUVRs; calculated by dividing SUV at each time point by that of 2 min after injection) were assessed.

RESULTS: In tumours, (18)F-FAMT showed a shoulder peak immediately after the initial distribution followed by gradual clearance compared with granulomas. Although the mean SUV in the tumours (1.00 ± 0.10) was significantly higher than that in the granulomas (0.88 ± 0.12), a large overlap was observed. In contrast, the SUVR was markedly higher in tumours than in granulomas (50 min/2 min, 0.72 ± 0.06 and 0.56 ± 0.05, respectively) with no overlap. The dynamic patterns, SUVR, and mean SUV of (18)F-FDG in the granulomas were comparable to those in the tumours.

CONCLUSIONS: Dynamic (18)F-FAMT and SUVR analysis might compensate for the current limitations and help in improving the diagnostic accuracy of (18)F-FAMT.

Keywords: 3-[18F]-Fluoro-α-methyl-L-tyrosine; Dynamic positron emission tomography; Granuloma; Inflammation; Tumour

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