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Berthon AS, Szarek E, Stratakis CA. PRKACA: the catalytic subunit of protein kinase A and adrenocortical tumors. Front Cell Dev Biol. 2015;3:26doi: 10.3389/fcell.2015.00026.
Berthon, A. S., Szarek, E., & Stratakis, C. A. (2015). PRKACA: the catalytic subunit of protein kinase A and adrenocortical tumors. Frontiers in cell and developmental biology, 326. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2015.00026
Berthon, Annabel S, et al. "PRKACA: the catalytic subunit of protein kinase A and adrenocortical tumors." Frontiers in cell and developmental biology vol. 3 (2015): 26. doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2015.00026
Berthon AS, Szarek E, Stratakis CA. PRKACA: the catalytic subunit of protein kinase A and adrenocortical tumors. Front Cell Dev Biol. 2015 May 20;3:26. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2015.00026. eCollection 2015. PMID: 26042218; PMCID: PMC4438593.
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Front Cell Dev Biol. 2015 May 20;3:26. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2015.00026. eCollection 2015.

PRKACA: the catalytic subunit of protein kinase A and adrenocortical tumors.

Frontiers in cell and developmental biology

Annabel S Berthon, Eva Szarek, Constantine A Stratakis

Affiliations

  1. Section on Endocrinology and Genetics, Program on Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics and Pediatric Endocrinology Inter-Institute Training Program, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health Bethesda, MD, USA.

PMID: 26042218 PMCID: PMC4438593 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2015.00026

Abstract

Cyclic-AMP (cAMP)-dependent protein kinase (PKA) is the main effector of cAMP signaling in all tissues. Inactivating mutations of the PRKAR1A gene, coding for the type 1A regulatory subunit of PKA, are responsible for Carney complex and primary pigmented nodular adrenocortical disease (PPNAD). PRKAR1A inactivation and PKA dysregulation have been implicated in various types of adrenocortical pathologies associated with ACTH-independent Cushing syndrome (AICS) from PPNAD to adrenocortical adenomas and cancer, and other forms of bilateral adrenocortical hyperplasias (BAH). More recently, mutations of PRKACA, the gene coding for the catalytic subunit C alpha (Cα), were also identified in the pathogenesis of adrenocortical tumors. PRKACA copy number gain was found in the germline of several patients with cortisol-producing BAH, whereas the somatic Leu206Arg (c.617A>C) recurrent PRKACA mutation was found in as many as half of all adrenocortical adenomas associated with AICS. In vitro analysis demonstrated that this mutation led to constitutive Cα activity, unregulated by its main partners, the PKA regulatory subunits. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the involvement of PRKACA in adrenocortical tumorigenesis, and our understanding of PKA's role in adrenocortical lesions. We also discuss potential therapeutic advances that can be made through targeting of PRKACA and the PKA pathway.

Keywords: Cushing syndrome; PKA; PRKACA; adenoma; adrenal cortex

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