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Kodous N, Filler G, Sharma AP, et al. PTHrP-related Hypercalcaemia in Infancy and Congenital Anomalies of the Kidney and Urinary Tract (CAKUT). Can J Kidney Health Dis. 2015;2:21doi: 10.1186/s40697-015-0052-y.
Kodous, N., Filler, G., Sharma, A. P., & Van Hooren, T. A. (2015). PTHrP-related Hypercalcaemia in Infancy and Congenital Anomalies of the Kidney and Urinary Tract (CAKUT). Canadian journal of kidney health and disease, 221. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40697-015-0052-y
Kodous, Nardeen, et al. "PTHrP-related Hypercalcaemia in Infancy and Congenital Anomalies of the Kidney and Urinary Tract (CAKUT)." Canadian journal of kidney health and disease vol. 2 (2015): 21. doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40697-015-0052-y
Kodous N, Filler G, Sharma AP, Van Hooren TA. PTHrP-related Hypercalcaemia in Infancy and Congenital Anomalies of the Kidney and Urinary Tract (CAKUT). Can J Kidney Health Dis. 2015 May 11;2:21. doi: 10.1186/s40697-015-0052-y. eCollection 2015. PMID: 26019888; PMCID: PMC4445997.
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Can J Kidney Health Dis. 2015 May 11;2:21. doi: 10.1186/s40697-015-0052-y. eCollection 2015.

PTHrP-related Hypercalcaemia in Infancy and Congenital Anomalies of the Kidney and Urinary Tract (CAKUT).

Canadian journal of kidney health and disease

Nardeen Kodous, Guido Filler, Ajay Parkash Sharma, Tamara Angela Van Hooren

Affiliations

  1. Department of Paediatrics, Division of Nephrology, University of Western Ontario, 800 Commissioners Road East, Rm B1-436, London, ON N6A 5 W9 Canada.
  2. Department of Paediatrics, Division of General Paediatrics, University of Western Ontario, London, ON Canada.

PMID: 26019888 PMCID: PMC4445997 DOI: 10.1186/s40697-015-0052-y

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Severe hypercalcaemia is a rare but clinically significant condition in infancy and childhood. Parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrP)-mediated hypercalcaemia resulting from a malignancy is rare and only a handful of case reports have outlined its incidence alongside a benign condition.

OBJECTIVES: To describe the diagnostic workup and management of an infant with hypercalcaemia, renal dysplasia, and elevated PTHrP levels.

DESIGN: Case report.

SETTING: The Victoria Hospital campus of the London Health Sciences Centre in London, Ontario, Canada.

PATIENTS: A child with congenital anomalies of the kidneys and urinary tract (CAKUT), stage 2 chronic kidney disease (CKD), and renal dysplasia who presented with severe hypercalcaemia.

MEASUREMENTS: Weight, renal ultrasound, creatinine, cystatin C, eGFR, calcium, urea, bicarbonate, serum sodium, fractional sodium excretion, urine calcium to creatinine ratio, PTH, TSH, Free T4, AM cortisol, HMA, VMA, 25-vitamin D, 1,25 dihydroxy-vitamin D, calcitriol, vitamin A, ACE levels, skull and chest x-rays, alkaline phosphatase, CBC, tumour lysis profile, catecholamine breakdown, whole-body MRI, PTHrP.

METHODS: Full diagnostic workup and patient management. Patient treated with intravenous hydration, furosemide, calcitonin and CalciLo.

RESULTS: PTHrP was elevated and no evidence of a malignancy was found. Treatment consisting of a low-calcium CalciLo diet (in place of breast milk) adequately controlled the patient's hypercalcaemia. Hypercalcaemia associated with CAKUT in infancy is not all that uncommon and was reported in 15/99 infants in another study, most of whom had a suppressed PTH similar to that of our patient. PTHrP was not measured in these cases and may have also been elevated.

LIMITATIONS: The study is limited in that it is a description of a single patient case. Future measurement of PTHrP in similar patients is necessary to confirm our results.

CONCLUSIONS: The possibility of elevated PTHrP levels must be considered in patients with known renal dysplasia who are differentially diagnosed with hypercalcaemia.

Keywords: Chronic kidney disease; Failure to thrive; Hypercalcemia; Infant; Treatment

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