Display options
Share it on

J Clin Med. 2015 Mar;4(3):375-88. doi: 10.3390/jcm4030375.

Immune Dysregulation in Patients Persistently Infected with Human Papillomaviruses 6 and 11.

Journal of clinical medicine

Alexandra V Lucs, James A DeVoti, Lynda Hatam, Ali Afzal, Allan L Abramson, Bettie M Steinberg, Vincent R Bonagura

Affiliations

  1. Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA.
  2. Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA ; Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, Great Neck, NY 11549, USA.
  3. Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA ; Elmezzi Graduate School of Molecular Medicine, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA.
  4. Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA ; Department of Otolaryngology, Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, New Hyde Park, NY 11549, USA.
  5. Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA ; Elmezzi Graduate School of Molecular Medicine, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA ; Department of Otolaryngology, Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, New Hyde Park, NY 11549, USA ; Department of Molecular Medicine, Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, Manhasset, NY 11549, USA.
  6. Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA ; Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, Great Neck, NY 11549, USA ; Elmezzi Graduate School of Molecular Medicine, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA.

PMID: 26023354 PMCID: PMC4444053 DOI: 10.3390/jcm4030375

Abstract

Human Papillomaviruses (HPVs) 6 and 11 are part of a large family of small DNA viruses, some of which are commensal. Although much of the population can contain or clear infection with these viruses, there is a subset of individuals who develop persistent infection that can cause significant morbidity and on occasion mortality. Depending on the site of infection, patients chronically infected with these viruses develop either recurrent, and on occasion, severe genital warts or recurrent respiratory papillomas that can obstruct the upper airway. The HPV-induced diseases described are likely the result of a complex and localized immune suppressive milieu that is characteristic of patients with persistent HPV infection. We review data that documents impaired Langerhans cell responses and maturation, describes the polarized adaptive T-cell immune responses made to these viruses, and the expression of class select II MHC and KIR genes that associate with severe HPV6 and 11 induced disease. Finally, we review evidence that documents the polarization of functional TH2 and T-regulatory T-cells in tissues persistently infected with HPV6 and 11, and we review evidence that there is suppression of natural killer cell function. Together, these altered innate and adaptive immune responses contribute to the cellular and humoral microenvironment that supports HPV 6 and 11-induced disease.

Keywords: HPV; Langerhans cells; T cells; anogenital warts; innate immunity; natural killer cells; recurrent respiratory papillomatosis

References

  1. Blood. 1997 Aug 15;90(4):1458-70 - PubMed
  2. Transplantation. 2004 Jan 15;77(1 Suppl):S12-5 - PubMed
  3. J Immunol. 2011 Feb 15;186(4):2613-22 - PubMed
  4. Immunity. 2008 Sep 19;29(3):497-510 - PubMed
  5. Trends Parasitol. 2004 Mar;20(3):126-33 - PubMed
  6. Mol Med. 2014 Aug 28;20:372-80 - PubMed
  7. Clin Immunol. 2010 Jul;136(1):21-9 - PubMed
  8. Cancer Res. 2007 Apr 15;67(8):3976-85 - PubMed
  9. Clin Exp Dermatol. 2009 Mar;34(2):229-35 - PubMed
  10. J Dermatol Sci. 2010 Aug;59(2):73-80 - PubMed
  11. BMC Dermatol. 2003 Jul 3;3:3 - PubMed
  12. J Exp Med. 2000 Feb 7;191(3):411-6 - PubMed
  13. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol. 1994 May;1(3):357-60 - PubMed
  14. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1986 Oct;15(4 Pt 1):645-9 - PubMed
  15. J Exp Med. 1999 Jul 19;190(2):229-39 - PubMed
  16. J Immunol. 2010 Sep 15;185(6):3248-55 - PubMed
  17. J Invest Dermatol. 2007 May;127(5):998-1008 - PubMed
  18. Clin Immunol. 1999 Dec;93(3):302-11 - PubMed
  19. Viruses. 2013 Oct 28;5(11):2624-42 - PubMed
  20. APMIS. 2010 Jun;118(6-7):455-70 - PubMed
  21. Eur J Dermatol. 2006 Mar-Apr;16(2):125-31 - PubMed
  22. Int J Gynecol Cancer. 2013 Jan;23(1):184-92 - PubMed
  23. Acta Derm Venereol. 1994 Jan;74(1):45-50 - PubMed
  24. J Exp Med. 2007 Jun 11;204(6):1335-47 - PubMed
  25. Hum Immunol. 2010 Feb;71(2):212-9 - PubMed
  26. J Immunol. 1993 Sep 1;151(5):2390-8 - PubMed
  27. J Cutan Pathol. 2008 Jan;35(1):15-20 - PubMed
  28. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol. 2004 May;11(3):538-47 - PubMed
  29. Immunity. 2005 Dec;23(6):611-20 - PubMed
  30. J Immunol. 2008 Jun 1;180(11):7681-6 - PubMed
  31. Mol Med. 2012 Dec 06;18:1338-45 - PubMed
  32. Laryngoscope. 2008 Jul;118(7):1236-47 - PubMed
  33. Annu Rev Immunol. 1994;12:991-1045 - PubMed
  34. J Clin Immunol. 1987 Jul;7(4):304-11 - PubMed
  35. Mol Med. 2008 Sep-Oct;14(9-10):608-17 - PubMed
  36. Eur J Immunol. 2008 Sep;38(9):2377-85 - PubMed
  37. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2009 Oct 16;388(2):383-8 - PubMed
  38. Sex Transm Dis. 1996 Nov-Dec;23(6):475-80 - PubMed
  39. Blood. 1997 Nov 1;90(9):3245-87 - PubMed
  40. J Immunol. 1995 Feb 1;154(3):1280-6 - PubMed
  41. J Invest Dermatol. 2000 Jan;114(1):135-41 - PubMed
  42. Nature. 2002 Feb 28;415(6875):1043-7 - PubMed
  43. Histopathology. 1990 Jul;17(1):45-52 - PubMed
  44. Annu Rev Immunol. 1991;9:271-96 - PubMed
  45. Virology. 2014 Mar;452-453:279-86 - PubMed
  46. Hum Immunol. 2004 Aug;65(8):773-82 - PubMed
  47. Gynecol Oncol. 2008 May;109(2 Suppl):S15-21 - PubMed
  48. Eur J Immunol. 2000 Jul;30(7):1813-22 - PubMed
  49. Antiviral Res. 1999 Aug;43(1):55-63 - PubMed
  50. J Dermatol. 1992 Feb;19(2):67-77 - PubMed
  51. Cell Mol Immunol. 2013 May;10(3):222-9 - PubMed
  52. Annu Rev Immunol. 2000;18:767-811 - PubMed
  53. J Exp Med. 2002 Jan 21;195(2):221-31 - PubMed
  54. Blood. 2011 Jun 30;117(26):7063-9 - PubMed
  55. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2003 Apr;987:180-7 - PubMed
  56. J Infect Chemother. 2012 Dec;18(6):807-15 - PubMed
  57. Br J Dermatol. 2010 Dec;163(6):1253-63 - PubMed
  58. Clin Cancer Res. 2012 Apr 1;18(7):1925-35 - PubMed
  59. J Leukoc Biol. 1999 Jul;66(1):33-9 - PubMed
  60. Am J Clin Pathol. 1994 Dec;102(6):768-74 - PubMed
  61. Nat Rev Immunol. 2002 Mar;2(3):151-61 - PubMed
  62. Immunol Lett. 2006 Aug 15;106(2):119-25 - PubMed
  63. Mol Med Rep. 2013 Aug;8(2):480-6 - PubMed
  64. BMC Infect Dis. 2013 Jan 25;13:39 - PubMed

Publication Types

Grant support