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Bowers LW, Rossi EL, O'Flanagan CH, et al. The Role of the Insulin/IGF System in Cancer: Lessons Learned from Clinical Trials and the Energy Balance-Cancer Link. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2015;6:77doi: 10.3389/fendo.2015.00077.
Bowers, L. W., Rossi, E. L., O'Flanagan, C. H., deGraffenried, L. A., & Hursting, S. D. (2015). The Role of the Insulin/IGF System in Cancer: Lessons Learned from Clinical Trials and the Energy Balance-Cancer Link. Frontiers in endocrinology, 677. https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2015.00077
Bowers, Laura W, et al. "The Role of the Insulin/IGF System in Cancer: Lessons Learned from Clinical Trials and the Energy Balance-Cancer Link." Frontiers in endocrinology vol. 6 (2015): 77. doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2015.00077
Bowers LW, Rossi EL, O'Flanagan CH, deGraffenried LA, Hursting SD. The Role of the Insulin/IGF System in Cancer: Lessons Learned from Clinical Trials and the Energy Balance-Cancer Link. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2015 May 15;6:77. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2015.00077. eCollection 2015. PMID: 26029167; PMCID: PMC4432799.
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Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2015 May 15;6:77. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2015.00077. eCollection 2015.

The Role of the Insulin/IGF System in Cancer: Lessons Learned from Clinical Trials and the Energy Balance-Cancer Link.

Frontiers in endocrinology

Laura W Bowers, Emily L Rossi, Ciara H O'Flanagan, Linda A deGraffenried, Stephen D Hursting

Affiliations

  1. Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, NC , USA.
  2. Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Texas at Austin , Austin, TX , USA.

PMID: 26029167 PMCID: PMC4432799 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2015.00077

Abstract

Numerous epidemiological and pre-clinical studies have demonstrated that the insulin/insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system plays a key role in the development and progression of several types of cancer. Insulin/IGF signaling, in cooperation with chronic low-grade inflammation, is also an important contributor to the cancer-promoting effects of obesity. However, clinical trials for drugs targeting different components of this system have produced largely disappointing results, possibly due to the lack of predictive biomarker use and problems with the design of combination therapy regimens. With careful attention to the identification of likely patient responders and optimal drug combinations, the outcome of future trials may be improved. Given that insulin/IGF signaling is known to contribute to obesity-associated cancer, further investigation regarding the efficacy of drugs targeting this system and its downstream effectors in the obese patient population is warranted.

Keywords: biomarkers; energy balance; insulin; insulin-like growth factor; obesity

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