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Mora AD, Contini D, Arridge S, et al. Towards next-generation time-domain diffuse optics for extreme depth penetration and sensitivity. Biomed Opt Express. 2015;6(5):1749-60doi: 10.1364/BOE.6.001749.
Mora, A. D., Contini, D., Arridge, S., Martelli, F., Tosi, A., Boso, G., Farina, A., Durduran, T., Martinenghi, E., Torricelli, A., & Pifferi, A. (2015). Towards next-generation time-domain diffuse optics for extreme depth penetration and sensitivity. Biomedical optics express, 6(5), 1749-60. https://doi.org/10.1364/BOE.6.001749
Mora, Alberto Dalla, et al. "Towards next-generation time-domain diffuse optics for extreme depth penetration and sensitivity." Biomedical optics express vol. 6,5 (2015): 1749-60. doi: https://doi.org/10.1364/BOE.6.001749
Mora AD, Contini D, Arridge S, Martelli F, Tosi A, Boso G, Farina A, Durduran T, Martinenghi E, Torricelli A, Pifferi A. Towards next-generation time-domain diffuse optics for extreme depth penetration and sensitivity. Biomed Opt Express. 2015 Apr 20;6(5):1749-60. doi: 10.1364/BOE.6.001749. eCollection 2015 May 01. PMID: 26137377; PMCID: PMC4467698.
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Biomed Opt Express. 2015 Apr 20;6(5):1749-60. doi: 10.1364/BOE.6.001749. eCollection 2015 May 01.

Towards next-generation time-domain diffuse optics for extreme depth penetration and sensitivity.

Biomedical optics express

Alberto Dalla Mora, Davide Contini, Simon Arridge, Fabrizio Martelli, Alberto Tosi, Gianluca Boso, Andrea Farina, Turgut Durduran, Edoardo Martinenghi, Alessandro Torricelli, Antonio Pifferi

Affiliations

  1. Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Italy ; These authors contributed equally to this work.
  2. Department of Computer Science, University College London, United Kingdom.
  3. Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Italy.
  4. Dipartimento di Elettronica Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, Italy.
  5. Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Italy.
  6. ICFO-Institut de Cències Fotòniques, Spain.
  7. Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Italy.
  8. Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Italy ; [email protected].
  9. Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Italy ; Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Italy.

PMID: 26137377 PMCID: PMC4467698 DOI: 10.1364/BOE.6.001749

Abstract

Light is a powerful tool to non-invasively probe highly scattering media for clinical applications ranging from oncology to neurology, but also for molecular imaging, and quality assessment of food, wood and pharmaceuticals. Here we show that, for a paradigmatic case of diffuse optical imaging, ideal yet realistic time-domain systems yield more than 2-fold higher depth penetration and many decades higher contrast as compared to ideal continuous-wave systems, by adopting a dense source-detector distribution with picosecond time-gating. Towards this aim, we demonstrate the first building block made of a source-detector pair directly embedded into the probe based on a pulsed Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Laser (VCSEL) to allow parallelization for dense coverage, a Silicon Photomultiplier (SiPM) to maximize light harvesting, and a Single-Photon Avalanche Diode (SPAD) to demonstrate the time-gating capability on the basic SiPM element. This paves the way to a dramatic advancement in terms of increased performances, new high impact applications, and availability of devices with orders of magnitude reduction in size and cost for widespread use, including quantitative wearable imaging.

Keywords: (170.3660) Light propagation in tissues; (170.5280) Photon migration; (170.6960) Tomography; (230.6046) Smart pixel systems; (290.7050) Turbid media

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