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McNamara TS, McLean RG, Saito EK, et al. Surveillance of Wildlife Diseases: Lessons from the West Nile Virus Outbreak. Microbiol Spectr. 2013;1(1)doi: 10.1128/microbiolspec.OH-0014-2012.
McNamara, T. S., McLean, R. G., Saito, E. K., Wolfe, P. L., Gillin, C. M., Fischer, J. R., Ellis, J. C., French, R., Martin, P. P., Schuler, K. L., McRuer, D., Clark, E. E., Hines, M. K., Marsh, C., Szewczyk, V., Sladky, K., Yon, L., Hannant, D., & Siemer, W. F. (2013). Surveillance of Wildlife Diseases: Lessons from the West Nile Virus Outbreak. Microbiology spectrum, 1(1), . https://doi.org/10.1128/microbiolspec.OH-0014-2012
McNamara, Tracey S, et al. "Surveillance of Wildlife Diseases: Lessons from the West Nile Virus Outbreak." Microbiology spectrum vol. 1,1 (2013). doi: https://doi.org/10.1128/microbiolspec.OH-0014-2012
McNamara TS, McLean RG, Saito EK, Wolfe PL, Gillin CM, Fischer JR, Ellis JC, French R, Martin PP, Schuler KL, McRuer D, Clark EE, Hines MK, Marsh C, Szewczyk V, Sladky K, Yon L, Hannant D, Siemer WF. Surveillance of Wildlife Diseases: Lessons from the West Nile Virus Outbreak. Microbiol Spectr. 2013 Oct;1(1). doi: 10.1128/microbiolspec.OH-0014-2012. PMID: 26184818.
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Microbiol Spectr. 2013 Oct;1(1). doi: 10.1128/microbiolspec.OH-0014-2012.

Surveillance of Wildlife Diseases: Lessons from the West Nile Virus Outbreak.

Microbiology spectrum

Tracey S McNamara, Robert G McLean, Emi K Saito, Peregrine L Wolfe, Colin M Gillin, John R Fischer, Julie C Ellis, Richard French, Patrick P Martin, Krysten L Schuler, Dave McRuer, Edward E Clark, Megan K Hines, Cris Marsh, Victoria Szewczyk, Kurt Sladky, Lisa Yon, Duncan Hannant, William F Siemer

Affiliations

  1. Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766.
  2. Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506.
  3. National Surveillance Unit, Centers for Epidemiology and Animal Health, USDA APHIS Veterinary Services, Fort Collins, CO 80526.
  4. Nevada Department of Wildlife, Reno, NV 89512.
  5. Wildlife Health and Population Lab, Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97330.
  6. Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602.
  7. Tufts University, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, North Grafton, MA 01536.
  8. University of New Hampshire, New Hampshire Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Durham, NH 03824.
  9. New York State Department of Environmental Conservation Wildlife Health Unit, Albany, NY 12233-4752.
  10. Animal Health Diagnostic Center, Ithaca, NY 14850.
  11. Wildlife Center of Virginia, Waynesboro, VA 22980.
  12. Wildlife Data Integration Network, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Veterinary Medicine, Madison, WI 53706.
  13. School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham Sutton Bonington Campus, Nottingham LE12 5RD, United Kingdom, and Twycross Zoo-East Midland Zoological Society, Twycross CV9 3PX, United Kingdom.
  14. Department of Applied Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham Sutton Bonington Campus, Nottingham LE12 5RD, United Kingdom.
  15. Human Dimensions Research Unit, Department of Natural Resources, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853.

PMID: 26184818 DOI: 10.1128/microbiolspec.OH-0014-2012

Abstract

The West Nile virus outbreak of 1999 revealed many weaknesses in this country's ability to respond to disease threats that cross species lines. There were issues of poor communication among human, domestic animal, and wildlife health agencies that delayed diagnosis; a lack of diagnostic capacity of wildlife agencies at the state level; the exclusion of captive wildlife from any surveillance efforts; an inability to visualize the geospatial relationship between the human and avian outbreaks in a timely manner; and marked disparities of funding levels across agencies. Wildlife has played an important role in recent emerging infectious diseases, and it is clear that a One Health approach will be necessary to respond to future threats. The question is, are we any better prepared to recognize and respond to a wildlife-related emerging infectious disease than we were 14 years ago? Have the lessons of WNV been learned?

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