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Whiting DL, Deane FP, Simpson GK, et al. Cognitive and psychological flexibility after a traumatic brain injury and the implications for treatment in acceptance-based therapies: A conceptual review. Neuropsychol Rehabil. 2015;27(2):263-299doi: 10.1080/09602011.2015.1062115.
Whiting, D. L., Deane, F. P., Simpson, G. K., McLeod, H. J., & Ciarrochi, J. (2017). Cognitive and psychological flexibility after a traumatic brain injury and the implications for treatment in acceptance-based therapies: A conceptual review. Neuropsychological rehabilitation, 27(2), 263-299. https://doi.org/10.1080/09602011.2015.1062115
Whiting, Diane L, et al. "Cognitive and psychological flexibility after a traumatic brain injury and the implications for treatment in acceptance-based therapies: A conceptual review." Neuropsychological rehabilitation vol. 27,2 (2017): 263-299. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/09602011.2015.1062115
Whiting DL, Deane FP, Simpson GK, McLeod HJ, Ciarrochi J. Cognitive and psychological flexibility after a traumatic brain injury and the implications for treatment in acceptance-based therapies: A conceptual review. Neuropsychol Rehabil. 2017 Mar;27(2):263-299. doi: 10.1080/09602011.2015.1062115. Epub 2015 Jul 09. PMID: 26156228.
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Neuropsychol Rehabil. 2017 Mar;27(2):263-299. doi: 10.1080/09602011.2015.1062115. Epub 2015 Jul 09.

Cognitive and psychological flexibility after a traumatic brain injury and the implications for treatment in acceptance-based therapies: A conceptual review.

Neuropsychological rehabilitation

Diane L Whiting, Frank P Deane, Grahame K Simpson, Hamish J McLeod, Joseph Ciarrochi

Affiliations

  1. a Liverpool Brain Injury Rehabilitation Unit , Liverpool Hospital , Liverpool , Australia.
  2. b School of Psychology , University of Wollongong , Wollongong , Australia.
  3. d Brain Injury Rehabilitation Research Group , Ingham Institute of Applied Medical Research , Liverpool , Australia.
  4. c John Walsh Centre for Rehabilitation Research , University of Sydney , Sydney , Australia.
  5. e Institute of Health and Well-being , University of Glasgow , Glasgow , Scotland.
  6. f Institute of Positive Psychology & Education , Australian Catholic University , Strathfield , Australia.

PMID: 26156228 DOI: 10.1080/09602011.2015.1062115

Abstract

This paper provides a selective review of cognitive and psychological flexibility in the context of treatment for psychological distress after traumatic brain injury, with a focus on acceptance-based therapies. Cognitive flexibility is a component of executive function that is referred to mostly in the context of neuropsychological research and practice. Psychological flexibility, from a clinical psychology perspective, is linked to health and well-being and is an identified treatment outcome for therapies such as acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT). There are a number of overlaps between the constructs. They both manifest in the ability to change behaviour (either a thought or an action) in response to environmental change, with similarities in neural substrate and mental processes. Impairments in both show a strong association with psychopathology. People with a traumatic brain injury (TBI) often suffer impairments in their cognitive flexibility as a result of damage to areas controlling executive processes but have a positive response to therapies that promote psychological flexibility. Overall, psychological flexibility appears a more overarching construct and cognitive flexibility may be a subcomponent of it but not necessarily a pre-requisite. Further research into therapies which claim to improve psychological flexibility, such as ACT, needs to be undertaken in TBI populations in order to clarify its utility in this group.

Keywords: Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT); Cognitive flexibility; Conceptual review; Psychological flexibility; Traumatic brain injury

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