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Ayris PM, Delmelle P, Pereira B, et al. Spatial analysis of Mount St. Helens tephra leachate compositions: implications for future sampling strategies. Bull Volcanol. 2015;77(7):60doi: 10.1007/s00445-015-0945-8.
Ayris, P. M., Delmelle, P., Pereira, B., Maters, E. C., Damby, D. E., Durant, A. J., & Dingwell, D. B. (2015). Spatial analysis of Mount St. Helens tephra leachate compositions: implications for future sampling strategies. Bulletin of volcanology, 77(7), 60. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-015-0945-8
Ayris, P M, et al. "Spatial analysis of Mount St. Helens tephra leachate compositions: implications for future sampling strategies." Bulletin of volcanology vol. 77,7 (2015): 60. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-015-0945-8
Ayris PM, Delmelle P, Pereira B, Maters EC, Damby DE, Durant AJ, Dingwell DB. Spatial analysis of Mount St. Helens tephra leachate compositions: implications for future sampling strategies. Bull Volcanol. 2015;77(7):60. doi: 10.1007/s00445-015-0945-8. Epub 2015 Jun 13. PMID: 26190880; PMCID: PMC4498446.
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Bull Volcanol. 2015;77(7):60. doi: 10.1007/s00445-015-0945-8. Epub 2015 Jun 13.

Spatial analysis of Mount St. Helens tephra leachate compositions: implications for future sampling strategies.

Bulletin of volcanology

P M Ayris, P Delmelle, B Pereira, E C Maters, D E Damby, A J Durant, D B Dingwell

Affiliations

  1. Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Ludwig Maximilian University, Thereisenstrasse 41/III, 80333 Munich, Bavaria Germany.
  2. Earth and Life Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 2, bte L7.05.10, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Wallonia Belgium.
  3. Centre for Earth Evolution and Dynamics (CEED), University of Oslo, Blindern, Postbox 1028, 0315 Oslo, Norway ; Geological and Mining Engineering and Sciences, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI 49931 USA.

PMID: 26190880 PMCID: PMC4498446 DOI: 10.1007/s00445-015-0945-8

Abstract

Tephra particles in physically and chemically evolving volcanic plumes and clouds carry soluble sulphate and halide salts to the Earth's surface, ultimately depositing volcanogenic compounds into terrestrial or aquatic environments. Upon leaching of tephra in water, these salts dissolve rapidly. Previous studies have investigated the spatial and temporal variability of tephra leachate compositions during an eruption in order to gain insight into the mechanisms of gas-tephra interaction which emplace those salts. However, the leachate datasets analysed are typically small and may poorly represent the natural variability and complexity of tephra deposits. Here, we have conducted a retrospective analysis of published leachate analyses from the 18 May 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens, Washington, analysing the spatial structure of the concentrations and relative abundances of soluble Ca, Cl, Na and S across the deposits. We have identified two spatial features: (1) concentrated tephra leachate compositions in blast deposits to the north of the volcano and (2) low S/Cl and Na/Cl ratios around the Washington-Idaho border. By reference to the bulk chemistry and granulometry of the deposit and to current knowledge of gas-tephra interactions, we suggest that the proximal enrichments are the product of pre-eruptive gas uptake during cryptodome emplacement. We speculate that the low S/Cl and Na/Cl ratios reflect a combination of compositional dependences on high-temperature SO

Keywords: Leaching; Mount St. Helens; Tephra

References

  1. Science. 1980 Sep 5;209(4461):1116-25 - PubMed
  2. Environ Sci Technol. 1981 Mar 1;15(3):362-4 - PubMed

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